Biomacromolecules solid-state

Yao, J. M., Nakazawa, Y., and Asakura, T. (2004). Structures of Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ririni silk fibroins studied with solid-state NMR. Biomacromolecules 5, 680-688. 

Nepal D, Sohn JI, Aicher WK, Lee S, Geckeler KE (2005) Supramolecular conjugates of carbon nanotubes and DNA by a solid-state reaction. Biomacromolecules 6 2919-2922. 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method to determine the structure of biomacromolecules and their complexes in solution. It allows determination of the dynamics of proteins, RNA, DNA, and their complexes at atomic resolution. Therefore, NMR spectroscopy can monitor the often transient weak interactions in the interactome of proteins and the interaction between proteins and small-molecule ligands. In addition, intrinsically unstructured proteins can be investigated, and first reports of structure determination of membrane proteins in the immobilized state (solid state) are developing. This review will introduce the fundamental NMR observables as well as the methods to investigate structure and dynamics, and it will discuss several examples where NMR spectroscopy has provided valuable information in the context of Chemical Biology. 

The 1987 Montreal protocol (4) initially limited the use of CFC propellants and then banned them by 2009 in the United States (51). In addition, degradation kinetics of therapeutic biomolecules is slower in the solid state than in the liquid state. Combined with bypassing the first-pass effect of hepatic metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs have been an attractive route of administration of sensitive biomacromolecules in the solid state. The forces of interaction between particles present barriers to their flow and dispersion. The major forces of interaction are van der Waals, electrostatic, and capillary forces (52). 

Heux, L., Bragnerotto, J., Desbrieres, J., Versali, M.-F., and Rinaudo, M. 2000. Solid state NMR for determination of degree of acetylation of chitin and chitosan. Biomacromolecules 1, 746-751. 

R 642 X. Yang, T. Gegan, G. Hodge, G. Munzing and D. Pollick, PM Homogeneous Catalyst Characterization Using Advanced Analytical Techniques , Precious Metals [computer optical disk], 2002,26, 84 R 643 J. Yao, Y, Nakazawa and T. Asukara, Structure of Bombyx Mori and Sarnia Cynthia Ricini Silk Fibroins Studied with Solid-State NMR , Biomacromolecules, 2004,5,680... 

Sablong, R., Duchateau, R., Koning, C.E.G. et al. (2008) Incorporation of isosotbide into poly(butylene terephthalate) via solid-state polymerization. Biomacromolecules, 9 (11), 3090-3097. 

Gan ZH, Abe H, Kurokawa H, Doi Y (2001) Solid-state microstructures, thermal properties, and crystallization of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2 605-613... 

Fukui T, Doi Y (1998) Expression and characterization of (/f)-specdlic enoyl coenzyme A hydiatase involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis by Aeromonas caviae. J Bacteriol 180 667-673 Fukui T, Abe H, Doi Y (2002) Engineering of Ralstonia euttopha for production of poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from fructose and solid-state properties of the copolymer. Biomacromolecules 3 618-624... 

Du C, Lin SKC, Koutinas A, Wang R, Webb C (2007) Succinic acid production from wheat using a biorefining strategy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76 1263-1270 Fujimaki T (1998) Processability and properties of aliphatic polyesters, BIONOLLE , synthesized by polycondensation reaction. Polym Degrad Stab 59 209-214 Gan ZH, Abe H, Kurokawa H, Doi Y (2001) Solid-state microstructures, thermal properties, and crystallization of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2 605-613... 

Gopinath and Veglia have described a new teehnique for dual aequisition MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy, which is suitable for simultaneous acquisition of multidimensional spectra of biomacromolecules. Further details of the new method have been presented in another publieation Gopinath and Veglia. It has been shown that the new pulse sehemes enable the simultaneous acquisition of three dimensional spectra of uniformly labelled proteins. The new approach is general and applieable to many 3D experiments, nearly doubling the performance of NMR speetrometers. 

Welsh, E.R., Schauta-, C.L., Qadri, S.B., Price, R.R. Chitosan crossUnking with a water-soluble, blocked diisocyanate. 1. Solid state. Biomacromolecules 3, 1370-1374 (2002)... 

Calucci, L., Galleschi, L., Geppi, M., and MoUica, G. 2004. Structure and dynamics of flour by solid state NMR Effects of hydration and wheat aging. Biomacromolecules 5 1536-1544. 

Yao, J., Ohgo, K., Sugino, R., Kishore, R., Asakura, T., 2004. Structural analysis of Bombyx mori silk fibroin peptides with formic acid treatment using high-resolution solid-state C NMR spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 5 (5), 1763—1769. 

G.P. Holland, J.E. Jenkins, M.S. Creager, R.V. Lewis, J.L. Yarger, Solid-state NMR investigation of major and minor ampuUate spider sHk in the native and hydrated states. Biomacromolecules 9 (2008) 651-657. 

Today, NMR spectroscopy has advanced to become an indispensable tool in polymer research. The introduction of Fourier transform NMR and its extensirai to two and higher dimensirais [11] made it possible to include low-sensitivity, yet highly informative, spectroscopy of rare nuclei such as or These techniques are now mainly applied to smdy biomacromolecules [12] in solution, but increasingly also in the solid state [13]. In the latter case, multidimensicHial NMR techniques were actuaUy developed first for synthetic polymers [14]. Later, advances in sohd state... 

Welsh, ER Schauser, CL Quadri, SB Price, RR. Chitosan Cross-Linking with a Water-Soluble, Blocked Diisocyanate. 1. Solid State. Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3, 1370-1374. 

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