Bioluminescence applications

Biological products regulations 1686 Biologies license application (BLA) 1126, 1638 Bioluminescence applications 1224 Biomarker... 

Thompson, A. 2000. ATP bioluminescence. Application in beverage microbiology. In Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. R.K. Robinson, C.A. Batt, and P.D. Patel (Eds.), Volume 1, pp. 101-109. Academic Press, New York, NY. 

L. J. Kricka, ed.. Analytical Applications of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1984. 

Analytical Applications. Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence are useful in analysis for several reasons. (/) Modem low noise phototubes when properly instmmented can detect light fluxes as weak as 100 photons/s (1.7 x 10 eins/s). Thus luminescent reactions in which intensity depends on the concentration of a reactant of analytical interest can be used to determine attomole—2eptomole amounts (10 to 10 mol). This is especially useful for biochemical, trace metal, and pollution control analyses (93,260—266) (see Trace and residue analysis). (2) Light measurement is easily automated for routine measurements as, for example, in clinical analysis. 

K. Van Dyke, ed.. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Instruments and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1985. 

Arnhold, J., Reichl, S., Peikovic, M., and Vocks, A. (2002). Pholasin luminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In Stanley, P. E., and Kricka, L. J. (eds.), Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, Progress and Current Applications, pp. 233-236. World Scientific, Singapore. 

Hastings, J. W. (1996). Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions a review. Gene 173 (1, Fluorescent Proteins and Applications) 5-11. 

Lee, J., and Seliger, H. H. (1965). Absolute spectral sensitivity of phototubes and the application to the measurement of the absolute quantum yields of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. Photochem. Photobiol. 4 1015-1048. 

Analytical Application of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, NASA SP-388 ed., pp. 89-94. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. 

Verhaegen, M., and Christopoulos, T. K. (2002). Recombinant Gaussia luciferase. Overexpression, purification, and analytical application of a bioluminescent reporter for DNA hybridization. Anal. Chem. 74 4378-4385. 

Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, Basic Chemistry and Analytical Applications DeLuca, M. A McElroy, W. D. Eds. Academic New York, 1981 p 782. 

Imai, K. Miyaguchi, K. Honda, K. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Instrun nts and Applications Volume II van Dyke, K., Ed., CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, 1985, Chapter 5,... 

Although numerous luminous organisms are known, only a few of them has been studied and really exploited. Analytical applications of bioluminescence concern mainly the detection of ATP with the firefly luciferase and of NADH with some marine bacteria systems. Luciferase from the North American firefly, i.e., Photinus pyralis, has been extensively studied10-12 and afterwards, attention has been paid to the luciferase from Luciola mingrelica, i.e., the North Caucasus firefly13 15. 

This review deals mainly with BL analytical applications in the last 10-15 past years, but some previous fundamental works are also listed. In Table 3 some fundamentals references of general interest and the findings of recent symposia on this topic are collected. In the journal Luminescence, the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence (previously Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence) are also reported surveys of the recent literature on selected topics (like ATP or GFP applications), instruments, and kits commercially available. 

Table 3 Recently Reviewed Analytical Applications of Bioluminescent Systems... 

Chemiluminescence, 1988 studies and applications in biology and medicine Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence status report, 7th International Symposium on Biolumines- 27... 

The possibility of isolating the components of the two above-reported coupled reactions offered a new analytical way to determine NADH, FMN, aldehydes, or oxygen. Methods based on NAD(P)H determination have been available for some time and NAD(H)-, NADP(H)-, NAD(P)-dependent enzymes and their substrates were measured by using bioluminescent assays. The high redox potential of the couple NAD+/NADH tended to limit the applications of dehydrogenases in coupled assay, as equilibrium does not favor NADH formation. Moreover, the various reagents are not all perfectly stable in all conditions. Examples of the enzymes and substrates determined by using the bacterial luciferase and the NAD(P)H FMN oxidoreductase, also coupled to other enzymes, are listed in Table 5. 

Other bioluminescent microorganisms such as dinoflagellates have some applications, but generally only for teaching purposes [243],... 

The wide collection of analytical applications of the main bioluminescent systems here reported, even necessarily incomplete, is supposedly exhaustive enough to... 

Flow cells may also act as reactors. In BL, enzymes may be immobilized inside the cell either by chemical bonding on the inner surface or by entrapping the enzyme as a heterogeneous system by mechanical ways. This approach has the advantage of low consumption of expensive reagents and enhancement of their stability, which is usually low. Many bioluminescent reactions have utilized the benefit of this process. The flow cell is also used as a reactor in the case of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) when used with FI manifolds. Some of these applications are included in Table 4. 

Recent applications in the field of biochemical analysis have been developed based on the highly efficient firefly luciferin-luciferase reaction, a bioluminescence reaction in which two steps can be considered ... 

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