Biology developments

At the time of the first volume of CCC(1987), the biological chemistry of cobalt was almost exclusively concerned with the cobalamins. The field has expanded and developed markedly since then. New cobalt-containing proteins have been characterized and applications of traditional cobalt coordination compounds in biology developed. These developments are illustrated below in some detail, as the field was not reviewed in the first edition. 

The purpose of the work by Dellaert10 is the simulation of a biologically defensible model of biological development, and the use of this model to evolve functionally autonomous agents. 

The ability of some organisms to control the pH and temperature of their cells and tissues represents a major biological development. Homeothermic animals (e.g. mammals) maintain a constant temperature of about 37 °C as this corresponds to the temperature of optimum activity of most enzymes. Poikilothermic or so-called cold-blooded animals (e.g. reptiles) have to sun themselves for sometime every morning in order to raise their body temperature in order to optimize enzyme activity within their cells. 

Biologies Development a Regulatory Overview, Mark Mathieu, Ed., Paraxel International Corporation, Waltham, MA, 1997. 

Evans RP Drug and Biological Development From Molecule to Product and Beyond. Springer, 2007. 

Wolpert, L. (1978). Pattern formation in biological development Scientific American 239(4), 154-164. Wolpert L. (1991). The Triumph of the Embryo. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. 

Linberg, S.E. Expediting Drug and Biologies Development A Strategic Approach. Waltham, MA PAREXEL International, 1995. 

The NCBI s homepage gives the following description Established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information, NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical... 

Lee, J., Hulse, J., and Colburn, W., Surrogate biochemical markers Precise measurement for strategic drug and biologies development, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 35, No. 5, 1995, pp. 464-470. 

Mathieu M, ed. Biologies Development A Regulatory Overview. 2004. See also Pub. F. No. 57-244, 32 Stat. 728, 1902. (An Act to Regulate the Sale of Viruses, Serums, Toxins, and Analogous Products in the District of Columbia, to Regulate Interstate Traffic in Said Articles, and for Other Purposes). 

Cavagnaro JA. Preclinical safety assessment of biological products. In Mathieu M, ed. Biologies Development A Regulatory Overview. Waltham, MA Parexel International, 1993 23 i0. 

In case of recombinant proteins for non life-threatening diseases a similar toxicological development strategy should be applied as described for small molecules. For the elaboration of a toxicological development program it is advisable to work in close connection with other biological development departments and with international agencies, such as EMEA... 

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