Biologically based approach

Jager T, Kooijman SALM. 2009. A biology-based approach for quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) in ecotoxicity. Ecotoxicology 18 187-196. 

Jager T, Vandenbrouck T, Baas J, De Coen WM, Kooijman SALM. 2010. A biology-based approach for mixture toxicity of multiple endpoints over the life cycle. Ecotoxicology (doi 10.1007/sl0646-009-0417-z). 

Miller, K., Liebowitz, R., and Newby, L. 2004. Complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular disease A review of biologically based approaches. Am. Heart J. 147, 401-411. 

Despite the challenges that nonlinear extrapolation for carcinogens offers in terms of regulatory implementation, it is important that the best available science guide risk assessment practices. Default assumptions designed to be health-protective, such as low-dose linear assumption, are useful when no other alternatives are available, but public health initiatives will be best served when grounded in biologically based approaches. 

THE FUTURE A BIOLOGICALLY-BASED APPROACH TO CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS... 

Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J, van der Kogel AJ. ARCON A novel biology-based approach in radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2002 3 728-37. 

A major approach to discovery is the target-based approach, whereby a single biological target is... 

Volume 431. Translation Initiation Cell Biology, High-Throughput Methods, and Chemical-Based Approaches Edited by Jon Lorsch... 

Density functional theory (DFT),32 also a semi-empirical method, is capable of handling medium-sized systems of biological interest, and it is not limited to the second row of the periodic table. DFT has been used in the study of some small protein and peptide surfaces. Nevertheless, it is still limited by computer speed and memory. DFT offers a quantum mechanically based approach from a fundamentally different perspective, using electron density with an accuracy equivalent to post Hartree-Fock theory. The ideas have been around for many years,33 34 but only in the last ten years have numerous studies been published. DFT, compared to ab initio... 

During the last decade, density-functional theory (DFT)-based approaches [1, 2] have advanced to prominent first-principles quantum chemical methods. As computationally affordable tools apt to treat fairly extended systems at the correlated level, they are also of special interest for applications in medicinal chemistry (as demonstrated in the chapters by Rovira, Raber et al. and Cavalli et al. in this book). Several excellent text books [3-5] and reviews [6] are available as introduction to the basic theory and to the various flavors of its practical realization (in terms of different approximations for the exchange-correlation functional). The actual performance of these different approximations for diverse chemical [7] and biological systems [8] has been evaluated in a number of contributions. 

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