Biogenic amines, capillary

Song Y, Quan Z, Evans JL, Byrd EA, Liu YM. 2004. Enhancing capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of biogenic amines by pre-column derivatization with 7-fLuoro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 989. 

Chen Z, Wu J, Baker GB, Parent M, Dovichi NJ. 2001. Application of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection to the determination of biogenic amines and amino acids in brain microdialysate and homogenate samples. J Chromatogr A 914(1—2) 293-298. 

Oguri, S., Maeda, Y., and Mizusawa, A. (2004). On-column derivatization-capillary electro-chromatography with o-phthalaldehyde/alkylthiol for assay of biogenic amines. /. Chromatogr. A 1044, 271-276. 

Several analytical techniques including capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), GC, lEC, and HPLC, have been proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in various foods. Among these, RP-HPLC is considered the most suitable one. HPLC methods used for amine determination usually involve two steps amine extraction from the matrix and analytical determination. Depending on the complexity of food matrix and the selectivity of the final analytical determination, a further purification step may be necessary prior to the analytical determination. To ensure adequate sensitivity, a derivatization step is generally required before injection [282]. 

A replaceable C disk electrode (two-electrode system) was used for end-column amperometric detection of biogenic amines. The electrode was inserted through a guide tube and was 30 5 [tm away from the capillary exit. This configuration allowed easy replacement of the electrode, especially after biofouling. The electrode was situated at a central position to maximize coulombic... 

Lange, J., Thomas, K., and Wittmann, C. (2002). Comparison of a capillary electrophoresis method with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of biogenic amines in various food samples. /. Chromatogr. B. 779, 229-239. 

Liu X, Yang LX, Lu YT (2003) Determination of biogenic amines by 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 998(1—2) 213—219... 

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) either as a stand-alone technique, or following an analytical separation step like CE, to study and measure a wide variety of compounds in complex samples such us foods (Simo et al. 2005). ESI provides an effective means for ionising from large (e.g., proteins, peptides, carbohydrates) to small (e.g., amino acids, amines) analytes directly from solution prior to their MS analysis without a previous derivatization step. Santos et al. (2004) proposed the use of CE-ESI-MS for the separation and quantification of nine biogenic amines in white and red wines. More recently, the possibilities of two different CE-MS set-ups, namely, capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (CE-IT-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOE-MS) to analyze directly biogenic amines in wine samples without any previous treatment has been studied (Simo et al. 2008). 

Kovaks, A., Simon-Sarkadi, L. Ganzler, K. (1999). Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A, 836, 305-313. 

Santos, B. Simonet, B.M., Rios, A. Valcarcel, M. (2004). Direct automatic determination of biogenic amines in wine by flow injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 25, 3427. 

Simo, C., Moreno-Arribas, M.V. Cifuentes, A. (2008). Ion-trap vs. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine. J. Chromatogr. A, 1195, 150-156. 

Biogenic amines are usually detected by LC with a pre- or postcolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of mer-captoethanol, and fluorimetric detection of derivatives. A sample derivatization also has to be done to perform GC/MS analysis of grape juice or wine. Amines are distilled from the alkalized sample and trapped in an acidified solution. After concentration under vacuum, salts of ethylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethyl-amine, n-propylamine, isobutylamine, a-amylamine, isoamylamine, pyrrolidine, and 2-phenethylamine are derivatized with trifluoroacetic (TEA) anhydride. Their derivatives are extracted with ethyl ether. GC/MS is performed using a capillary fused silica PEG column with an oven temperature programmed for 8 min at 70 °C, l°C/min to 160°C, isotherm for 90min (Daudt and Ough, 1980). 

Wang et al. (1994) reported on the use of capillary zone electrophoresis for the routine determination of biogenic amines in fresh fish samples. They obtained electrophoregrams of fluorescamine-derivatized histamine. 

Chemical Cytometry oe Proteins, Biogenic Amines, and Metabolic Cascades by One-and Two-Dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis... 

We have developed two-dimensional CE systems for the characterization of proteins and biogenic amines. The use of this technology for chemical cytometry is similar to the use of onedimensional electrophoresis a cell is aspirated into the column, lysed, and its components labeled with FQ. For two-dimensional electrophoresis, components are separated based on CSE in the first-dimension capillary. Fractions are then transferred across an interface to a second capillary, where they undergo additional separation based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECC) before detection by fluorescence. The voltage drop across the first capillary is set to zero during the second dimension separation, holding components stationary. In a typical experiment, 300 fractions are transferred between capillaries under computer control. 

Garcia-Villar, N., Saurina, J., and Hernandez-Cassou, S., Capillary electrophoresis determination of biogenic amines by field-amplified sample stacking and in-capillary derivatization. Electrophoresis, 27, 474, 2006. 

Male, K. B., and Luong, J. H. T., Derivatization, stabilization and detection of biogenic amines by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 926, 309,2001. 

Beard, N. R, and de Mello, A. J., A polydimethylsiloxane/glass capillary electrophoresis microchip for the analysis of biogenic amines using indirect fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis, 23, 1722, 2002. 

Ruiz-Jimenez, J., and Luque de Castro, M. D., Pervaporation as interface between solid samples and capillary electrophoresis. Determination of biogenic amines in food, J. Chromatogr. A, 1110, 245, 2006. 

Mohna, M., and Silva, M., In-capillary derivatization and analysis of amino acids, amino phospho-nic acid-herbicides and biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detechon. Electrophoresis, 23, 2333, 2002. 

An interesting variant for labeling procedures is the so-called in-capillary derivatization reactions, which explores differences in the electrophoretic mobilities to merge distinct zones of analyte and labeling reagent under the effect of an electric field. Molina and Silva explored the possibilities of LIF detection for in-capillary derivatization of nitrogen compounds (herbicides and biogenic amines). 

Kvasnicka, R, Voldfich, M. (2006). Determination of biogenic amines by capillary zone electrophoresis with conductometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 1103,145-149. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.005. 

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