Biogenic amines association

Mood and hedonic value associated with feeding, food intake, foraging, consummatory behaviors, and craving in addiction complex regulation by food entrainable oscillators in the brain and periphery, neuropeptides (including orexins) and biogenic amines. 

These are four monoamines synthesized and seereted within many mammalian tissues, ineluding various regions in the brain, sympathetic nervous system, enlero-chromafhn cells of the digestive tract, and adrenal mednlla. These biogenic amines (indoleamine and catecholamines — dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) are synthesized within the cell from their precursor amino acids and have been associated with many physiological and behavioral functions in animals and humans. 

Biogenic amines are commonly found in fermented meats. Histamine poisoning has not been associated with this type of product, however histamine has been found at low levels in some fermented meats (Dierick et al., 1974 Taylor et al., 1978 Vidal et al., 1990 Shalaby, 1993 Maijala et al., 1993). The most common amine found in fermented meats is tyramine (Trevino et al., 1997 Eerola et al., 1998), which is found at higher concentrations than other amines. The toxic level of biogenic amines is 100 mg per 100 g of product (Arnold et al., 1978). Taylor et al. (1978) and Vandekerckhove (1977) found amounts of histamine up to 55 mg per 100 g, putrescine up to 40 mg per 100 g, cadaverine up to 5.6 mg per 100 g, tyramine up to 151 mg per 100 g, and p-phenylethylamine up to 6.1 mg per 100 g in dry sausage. Table 6.9 lists the... 

Koutsoumanis, K., Lampropoulou, K. and Nychas, G.J.E. (1999). Biogenic amines and sensory changes associated with the microbial flora of Mediterranean gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored aerobically at 0, 8, and 15 degrees C, J. Food Prot., 62, 398. 

As a class, MAOIs inhibit one or both MAO-A and MAO-B, resulting in elevated levels of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines. Specific MAOIs can be subdivided on the basis of selectivity for inhibition of MAO-A or MAO-B and the reversibility of the enzyme-drug bond. Given concerns about adverse events associated with irreversible bonding and a desire to specifically target CNS neurotransmitter function, pharmaceutical development of MAOIs has focused on selectivity for MAO-A and reversibility. 

Table 6.2.2 Typical CSF profiles of HVA, 5HIAA and 3-methyldopa (3-MD) for the inborn errors of metabolism associated with a disruption of biogenic amine metabolism. A downward-pointing arrow indicates that a particular metabolite is below the established reference range. An upward pointing arrow is indicative that a metabolite is above the established reference range. WR indicates that the concentration of the metabolite is likely to be within the reference range. AADC Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, PNPO pyridox(am)ine-5 -phosphate oxidase...

Strong sensory stimuli (e.g. 90 dB sound) can precipitate tonic-clonic seizures in some strains of mice, the DBA/2 strain being particularly susceptible, while posturally induced seizures in "epileptic-like" mice have been extensively studied and have been shown to be associated with abnormalities in both the adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and various biogenic amine neurotransmitters. 

By contrast, the stimulant amphetamines, such as D-amphetamine and methylamphetamine, release dopamine from most brain regions. These drugs also inhibit the reuptake of all biogenic amines, but the effects on the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems do not appear to be directly associated with the dependence potential of the drugs. 

Three-dimensional representation of VHD-associated and non-VHD-associated drug affinity for a battery of GPCRs, ligand-gated ion channels, and biogenic amine transporters. 

A.3.2 Microorganisms Associated with Biogenic Amine Production in Winemaking 171... 

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