Biogenic Amine Release

Epinephrine (adrenaline). A biogenic amine released from the adrenal medulla, particularly in moments of stress. 

Reuptake transporters are structures within the cell membranes of the presynaptic nerve terminal that serve to transport biogenic amines released from vesicles back into the nerve cell. These structures are targets for antidepressants, which block the transporter, thus increasing the bioavailability of neurotransmitters at postsynaptic receptors. 

MAST CELL -f Proliferation Biogenic amine release... 

Neurotransmitter and biogenic amine derived from the amino acid histidine synthesized in hypothalamic tuber-omamillary neurons (TMN) to maintain wakefulness, feeding rhythms, energy balance, neuroendocrine autonomic control, and memory functions prominent immu-nomodulator and proinflammatory signal released from mast cells in response to allergic reactions or tissue damage. 

Electrochemical techniques in vivo use the standard three electrode voltammetric system described earlier with the electrodes implanted in the brain of the animal subject. Measurements are made by acquiring some stable baseline signal and then stimulating release of the biogenic amine neurotransmitters. The change in signal is then a measure of the concentration of neurotransmitter in the extracellular fluid. 

Tseng, L.-F. Menon, M.K. and Loh, H.H. Comparative actions of monomethoxy-amphetamines on the release and uptake of biogenic amines in brain tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 197 263-271, 1976. 

The mechanism of action of neuroleptics is not sufficiently clear. However, it is believed that they are antagonists of dopamine and dopaminomimetics, and that their effect is connected in some way with the blockage of dopamine D receptors, which results in changes of behavioral reactions. Moreover, it is possible that they also block action on the serotonin receptors and M-choline receptors. It also is possible that antipsychotic agents disrupt the process of the release and return neuronal uptake of a number of biogenic amines. 

Conventionally called adrenergic neuron blockers, the last group of adrenoblockers are drugs that suppress synthesis, storage, and release of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin) in nerve endings. 

Adrenergic neuron blockers cause degradation of biogenic amines in neuron endings. These drugs can interfere with the synthesis, storage and release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 

Reserpine canses release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin at nenronal termini. It weakens the intracellnlar uptake of biogenic amines and decreases the ability to store them in vesicles. 

As outlined previously, initial biological hypotheses of mood disorders were derived from the pharmacological actions of antidepressant drugs, which increase synaptic concentrations of noradrenaline (NA] and/or serotonin. Consequently, the biogenic amine hypothesis was formulated, but it lacks consistent proof that NA and/or serotonin release is indeed diminished. This failure is in part a result of the limited access to relevant brain areas. Measurements of NA and serotonin and their metabolites in blood, urine, and CSF... 

Histamine is a potent biogenic amine, occurs in tissues in almost all forms of life and released in a free state in response to injury or to any antigenantibody reaction. 

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