Biodiesel international standards

Production of biodiesel with fuU conformity to international standard specification is technically difficult, especially meeting the needs of biodiesel yield of 96.5 wt.% (EN 14214)... 

The major problem of homogeneous acid catalyst like sulfuric acid is the formation of salts during neutralization of the un-reacted catalyst and also conversions are not veiy high like transesterification. The inefficient conversion rates of acid catalyst may result in the formation of biodiesel without matching the International Standards. 

Several authors have explored the potential of Annona oil for second-generation biodiesel (AOBD) production as its low acid value and fatty acid profile (rich in oleic and palmitic acids) bestows excellent properties on AOBD, meeting the international standards ASTM D6751 (Reyes-Trejo et al., 2014) and EN14214 (Branco et al., 2010). Characterization of several Annona species showed different yields and fatty acid profiles as Table 5.5 depicts. The greatest differences have been found for palmitic acid (C16 0), oleic acid (C18 l), and Unoleic acid (C18 2), therefore affecting biodiesel properties from different Annona species. 

Anon. 2007a. D 6751-06b Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards (05.04). West Conshohocken PA ASTM International. 

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials. D 6751- Standard specification for biodiesel fuel (blOO) blend stock for distillate fuels. Annual Book of ASTM Standards ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, 2007 Vol. 05.04. 

ASTM International, ASTM D 6751 Standard Specification far Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (BlOO) for Middle Distillate Fuels. ASTM International, Conshohocken, PA, USA. 

ASTM Standard specification for diesel fuel oU, biodiesel blend (B6 to B20). 2008. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Method D7467-08a. 

ASTM ASTM D 6751. Standard specification for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100) for middle distUate fuels. ASTM International. West Conshohocken P... 

On-line sampling was done every 15 min, followed by evaporation of residual MeOH. Samples containing 0.1 g of reaction product were dissolved into 1 ml of n-hexane solution containing 0.1% n-C Hse as standard for GC analysis. Such samples were injected into a HP 6890 GC with mjection port at 250°C, equipped with a polar BPX-70 SGE column of 60.0 m with an internal diameter of 320 pm and a film thickness of 0.25 pm. The FlD-detector was at 280°C. The biodiesel or methyl ester yield, Y, was calculated according to the following formula ... 

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