Bioconcentration table

The log Kow, water solubilities, and Henry s law constants of several of the components that are present in the organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids included in this profile have been measured and are presented in Tables 3-4, 3-5, 3-8, and 3-9. In general, chemicals with low Kow (log Knw <1) tend to have high water solubilities, do not sorb to sediments, and do not bioconcentrate chemicals with high Kow tend to have low water solubilities, partition to sediments and soil, and bioconcentrate in fish (Lyman et al. 1982). Most of the values presented above are for mixtures and are the average values for all of the components in the mixture. 

Table 5-1. Bioconcentration Factors for Components of Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids... 

The transfer of PBBs from soil to plants is so low, e.g., Table III and References (6,29), that the only important issue In the agricultural scenario appears to be soli ingestion (and possibly ingestion of groundwater) by cattle. Based on an estimated half-life, tj/2> in beef of 120 days (30) an estimated mass of fat per animal, M, of 67 kg and a soil Ingestion rate, Mg, of 0.72 kg/day (31), a reasonably conservative soll-to-fat bioconcentration factor can be obtained ... 

Bangor Naval Submarine Base, on the Hood Canal in the State of Washington, provides fine recreational facilities for service people stationed there, as well as for civilian employees. A proposal to divert runoff from munitions-contaminated areas towards the recreational fishing pond, Cattail Lake, led to a decision to identify hazard levels for the compounds of interest. In addition to trout, there was concern over contamination of bivalves, such as oysters, cockles, and clams, at the pond s outlet to Hood Canal. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs), assumed applicable for both fish and bivalves, were developed for three compounds (Table III). BCFs, together with Uj. values and worst-case levels of fish or bivalve consumption (0.4 kg/day) provided PPLVs for the pond water, according to the equation... 

Table 1.7 Bioconcentration of Cadmium from Ambient Medium by Selected Species of Aquatic Biota... 

Table 14.4 Chlorpyrifos Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of Selected Species of Fishes... 

Pentachlorophenol was found at high concentrations in all samples of sediments, waters, and biota collected near industrial facilities that used PCP as a wood preservative (Niimi and Cho 1983 Oikari and Kukkonen 1988) (Table 23.3). Fish can bioconcentrate PCP from water up to 10,000 times (Fox and Joshi 1984). However, similar concentrations were measured in blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Folke and Birklund 1986), and softshell clam, Mya arenaria (Butte et al. 1985), from the vicinity of PCP-contaminated wastewater discharges as well as from more distant collection sites. Thus, PCP bioaccumulation in marine bivalve molluscs does not appear to be dose related. 

Table 25.6 PAH Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) for Selected Species of Aquatic Organisms...

Aquatic plants are comparatively resistant to molybdenum. In sensitive species, adverse effects were evident on growth at 50 mg/L and on development at 108 mg/L (Table 30.3). Bioconcentration of molybdenum from the medium by certain freshwater algae can result in residues up to 20 g/kg... 

The dominant transport process from water is volatilization. Based on mathematical models developed by the EPA, the half-life for M-hexane in bodies of water with any degree of turbulent mixing (e.g., rivers) would be less than 3 hours. For standing bodies of water (e.g., small ponds), a half-life no longer than one week (6.8 days) is estimated (ASTER 1995 EPA 1987a). Based on the log octanol/water partition coefficient (i.e., log[Kow]) and the estimated log sorption coefficient (i.e., log[Koc]) (see Table 3-2), ii-hexane is not expected to become concentrated in biota (Swann et al. 1983). A calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 453 for a fathead minnow (ASTER 1995) further suggests a low potential for -hcxanc to bioconcentrate or bioaccumulate in trophic food chains. 

The risk posed by the potential to concentrate into sediments was approached similarly to the aquatic compartment, i.e. using a PEC/PNEC ratio (Table 3.2). When no actual effect data on sediment organisms were available, PNECs in sediments were estimated on the basis of physico-chemical parameters and PNECs in water [1]. The risk posed by the potential to bioconcentrate in fish was assessed by the methodology described by Nendza et al. [2] with the determination of the critical body burden (CBB). This parameter predicts the level of the chemical in the organism which could... 

Because of its high log K00 and log Kow values (4.53 and 5.34-5.6, respectively see Table 3-2), when released to water, endrin strongly adsorbs to sediment (Kenaga 1980 Swann et al. 1983) and bioconcentrates significantly in aquatic organisms (ASTER 1995 EPA 1980a Metcalf et al. 1973). 

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