Biochips fabrication

Cell-Based Biochips Fabricated Using a PMBV/PVA Hydrogel. 157... 

A novel signal-on junction-probe-based ECL aptamer biosensor for the detection of thrombin was constructed. Figure 6.6 shows experimental principle of the junction-probe ECL aptamer biosensor for the detection of thrombin. Compared with some other ECL aptamer sensors, the proposed ECL aptamer biosensor has the advantages of higher sensitivity, lower background current, better selectivity and reusability, fabrication easiness, and operation convenience. These features make it a promising alternative to conventional thrombin detection methods and this method is expected to be involved in biochip fabrication [25]. 

In contrast to high density arrays low density arrays are made by deposition of pre-synthesized oligonucleotides or proteins on activated surfaces. There are several printing techniques for fabricating microarrays Non-contact biochip arrayers, commonly based on the piezoelectric effect, can apply controlled sub-nanoliter probe volumes to pre-specified locations on the chip surface. Due to the fact that the dispenser does not touch the surface, a non-contact arrayer provides low risk of contamination and is most suitable for printing on soft materials such as hydrogels. 

Most fabrication techniques for silicon-based biochips have their roots in the standard manufacturing methods developed for the semiconductor industry. Currently, four... 

FIGURE 11.34 Photograph of fabricated sihcon mask (a), molded PDMS ELISA flow-through biochip... 

In the microarray industry, the most commonly used techniques to pattern biologically active molecules are robotic contact printing or ink-jet printing. In general, these methods can fabricate biochips with thousands of different compounds, which can be analyzed simultaneously. The most commonly spotted biomolecules include oligonucleotides,1 proteins,2 and carbohydrates.3 Microarray-based platforms have... 

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