Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology

Effect of oral administration of Arabic gum on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, Vol.l7, No.3, (January 2003), pp. 146-153, ISSN 1099-0461. 

Oz,H.S. etal. (2004) Diverse antioxidants protect against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 18 (6), 361-368. 

Biochemical and molecular toxicology consider events at the biochemical and molecular levels, including enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, generation of reactive intermediates, interaction of xenobiotics or their metabolites with macromolecules, gene expression in metabolism and modes of action, and signaling pathways in toxic action. 

Change can be expected in almost every aspect of both the applied and the fundamental aspects of toxicology. Risk communication, risk assessment, hazard and exposure assessment, in vivo toxicity, development of selective chemicals, in vitro toxicology, and biochemical and molecular toxicology will all change, as will the integration of all of these areas into new paradigms of risk assessment and of the ways in which chemicals affect human health and the environment. 

Some cells, such as hepatocytes, must be used in primary culture since they will not divide in culture and are relatively short-lived, while other cell lines are capable of division and can, in suitable media, be maintained indefinitely. In other cases, cells have been immortalized by fusion with tumor cells and thereafter retain the ability to divide in culture while, at the same time, maintaining many of the properties of the original nontumor cells. All of the various approaches to the use of cultured cells in biochemical and molecular toxicology are summarized in Chapter 8. The relatively recent union of the techniques of cell and molecular biology has been enormously productive for experimental toxicology since cells can be used for the expression of genetic constructs, reproduction of recombinant enzymes, and so on. 

The preceding brief description of the nature and scope of biochemical and molecular toxicology should make clear that the study of toxic action is a many-faceted subject, covering all aspects from the initial environmental contact with a toxicant to its toxic endpoints and to its ultimate excretion back into the environment. A considerable amount of material is summarized in the chapters following, but many essentials still remain to be discovered. 

Hamadeh HK, Bushel P, Paules R, and Afshari CA (2001) Discovery in toxicology Mediation by gene expression array technology. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 15 231-242. 

Guven, K., Power, R.S., Avramides, S., Allender, R. and de Pomerai, D.I. (1999) The toxicity of dithiocarbamate fungicides to soil nematodes, assessed using a stress-inducible transgenic strain of Caenorhahditis elegans. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 13, 324-333. 

Yoshinari, K., Petrotchenko, E. V., Pedersen, L. C., Negishi, M. (2001). Crystal structure-based studies of cytosolic sulfotransfer-ase. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 15, 67—75. Zhou, S., Chan, S. Y, Goh, B. C., Chan, E., Duan, W., Huang, M., et al. (2006). Mechanism based inhibition of cytochrome P4503A4 by therapeutic drugs. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 44, 279—304. 

Devine, M.D. and C.V. Eberlein (1997). Physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of herbicide resistance based on altered target sites, pp. 295-348. In Roe, R.M. J.D. Burton, and R.J. Kuhr, eds., Herbicide Activity Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands I. O. S. Press, Inc. 

Various mechanisms have been developed by plants to alleviate stress imposed by exposure to toxic metal concentrations. Although the biochemical and molecular bases of adaptation and resistance of plant communities to high metal levels will be discussed extensively in Chapter 3, a survey summarising the possible anti-metal stress defence strategies and mechanisms forms an essential part of this chapter on toxicology. Every plant species, whether it is resistant or not to high metal concentrations, possesses defence responses against increased metal concentrations in the cell indeed. 

This chapter reviews the structures and biology (physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of mode of action, insect activity spectrum, and eco-toxicological safety) of the commercialized BAH non-steroidal ecdysone agonist insecticides (refer to former reviews on this topic [4—6, 12]). 

Zhang KP, Yang BE, Li BX (2014) Translational toxicology and rescue strategies of the hERG channel dysfunction biochemical and molecular mechanistic aspects. Acta Pharmacol Sin 35 1473-1484... 

This leading textbook in the field examines the mechanisms underlying toxicity, particularly the events at the molecular level and the factors that determine and affect toxicity. The new edition is updated to reflect the latest research in the biochemical basis of toxicology and the growing concerns over the adverse effects of drugs, environmental pollution, and occupational hazards. 

D.C. Malins, and G. Ostrander, Aquatic Toxicology Molecular, Biochemical, and Cellular Perspectives, CRC Press, Boca Raton, EL, 1994. 

Biochemical toxicology deals with processes that occur at the cellular and molecular levels when toxic chemicals interact with living organisms. Defining these interactions is fundamental to our understanding of toxic effects, both acute and chronic, and is essential for the development of new therapies, for the determination of toxic... 

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