Bonding bioactive

Handbook of Biomaterial Properties. Edited by J. Black and G. Hastings. Published in 1998 by Chapman Hall, London. ISBN 0 412 60330 6. 

Ceravital KGS-type glass-ceramic 3.52 1.48 Cerabone A-W glass-ceramic 7.44 1.91 Dense sintered hydroxyapatitei,2 6.28 1.58 

Interface within material within material within bone within material not specified within material 

Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, S. Higashi, T. Kokubo and S. Ito (1985) A New Glass-Ceramic for Bone Replacement Evaluation of its Bonding to Bone Tissue, J. Biomed. Maters Res. 19, 685-698. 

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Coating Fixation of hip prostheses Provide bioactive bonding of implant... 

Phospha.tes. Many phosphates cl aim unique material advantages over siUcates that make them worth the higher material costs for certain apphcations. Glass-ceramics containing the calcium orthophosphate apatite, for example, have demonstrated good biocompatibiUty and, in some cases even bioactivity (the abiUty to bond with bone) (25). Recent combinations of fluorapatite with phlogopite mica provide bioactivity as well as machinability and show promise as surgical implants (26). 

The so-called bioactive ceramics have been attractive because they spontaneously bond to living bone, however, they are much more brittle and much less flexible than natural bone. Previous studies reported that the essential condition for ceramics to show bioactivity is formation of a biologically active carbonate-containing apatite on their surfaces after exposure to the body fluid [337]. Calciiun sulfate was also used [338]. 

Beside thioamides, dithioesters are the most stable and accessible thiocarbonyl compounds. Their specific reactivity, in particular towards nucleophiUc reagents and their apphcations to the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, have already been reviewed [8]. However, as shown below, the presence of a phosphonate function alpha or beta to the thiocarbonyl group in phosphonodithioformates and phosphonodithioacetates makes these difunctional compounds very versatile building blocks. Moreover, for the phosphonodithioacetates, the substitution of the methylenic hydrogen atoms by fluorine increases again their potential as intermediates for the synthesis of modified natural and bioactive phosphorylated structures. 

A. M Zefirov, N. S. Drug design H-bonding scale. In QSAR Rational Approaches in the Design of Bioactive Compounds, Silipo, C., Vittoria, A. (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 135-138. 

Raevsky, O. A., Schaper, K.-J., Van de Waterbeemd, H., McFarland, J. Hydrogen bond contribution to properties and activities of chemicals and drugs. In Molecular Modeling and Prediction of Bioactivity, Gundertofte, K., Jorgensen,... 

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