Bioactive bone bonding

It has been shown that the bioactive materials bond to living bone through a hydroxyapatite layer which is formed on their surfaces in the body [13]. Therefore,... 

The bonding mechanism between glass and bone has been described in detail [ 36]. The basis for bone bonding is the reaction of the glass with the surrounding solution. A sequence of interfacial reactions, which begin immediately after the bioactive material is implanted, leads to the formation of a CHA layer and the establishment of an interfacial bonding. The sequence of interfacial reactions can be summarized as follows ... 

Many ceramic materials possess improved biocompatibility as compared to metals, and corrosion is typically not an issue. Ceramics often have high strength but display brittleness, poor crack resistance, and low ductility. Several ceramic materials are bioinert, bioactive (forming bonds with the surrounding tissue such as bone), or bioresorbable (as in the case of some porous ceramics). ... 

As emphasised by Gross (1994), bioactive ceramic surfaces, in particular hydroxyapatite with positive effects favour bone bonding by... 

T. Kokubo, Bioactivity of glasses and glass-ceramics, ed. by P. Ducheyne, T. Kokubo, C.A. Van Blitterswijk, in Bone-Bonding Biomaterials, (Reed Healthcare Communications, Leiderdorp, 1992)... 

FIGURE 13.1 Bioactivity spectra for selected bioceramics (relative magnitudes and rates of Uoactivity (b) time dependence of formation of bone at bioceramic surface and ceramic-bone bonding. (From Henck, 1996, with permission.)... 

Figure 6.4 The compositional dependence of bone bonding to bioactive glasses (region A) containing 6 weight % P2O5. Soft tissue bonding occurs for compositions with Ig values > 8 (see text). Region B non-bioactive compositions. Glasses in Region C are resorbable. (Based upon chapters 1 and 3 in ref. 1.)...

Bioceramics have now been widely used as bone replacement materials in orthopaedic surgery. In particular, calcium phosphate ceramics have been applied as bioactive ceramics with bone bonding capacities. 

Shinzato, S., Kobayashi. M., Mousa, W.F., Kamimura, M., Neo, M.. Choju, K., Kokubo, T., and Nakamura, T. (2000) Bioactive bone cement effect of surface curing properties on bone-bonding strength. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 53 (1), 51-61. 

These bone-bonding metals can be called bioactive metals, since they also form bone-like apatite on their surfaces in the living body, and bond to the living bone, similarly to the bioactive ceramics. These bioactive metals are useful as bone substitutes even under load-bearing conditions, such as hip and knee... 

Kokubo, T. (1992). Bioactivity of glasses and glass-ceramics. Bone-bonding Biomaterials, pp. 31 16, Ducheyne, P., Kokubo, T., and Blitterswijk, C. A., eds., Netherlands Reed Healthcare Communications. 

This bioassay was a critical development in the quest for the purification of the bioactive bone morphogens, the bone morphogenetic proteins [11-15]. There are nearly 15 members of BMPs in the human genome (Table 31.1). BMPs are dimeric molecules with a single disulfide bond. The mature monomer consists of seven canonical cysteines contributing to three interchain disulfides and one interchain disulfide bond. 

Tamura J, Kitsugi T, lida H, Fujita H, Nakamura T, Kokubo T, Yoshihara S. Bone bonding ability of bioactive cements. Clin Orthop... 

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