Bioaccumulation and Metabolism

The log Kow values of Chloralkylene-12 components determined by reversed phase thin layer chromatography ranged from 4.56 to 9.53 with increasing chlorine and alkyl substitution degree [68]. Accordingly, isopropyl-PCBs could have a high bioconcentration potential. However, the first accumulation and excretion study of Chloralkylene-9-14C showed rapid metabolism in rats [69]. 

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Driscoll SK, AE McElroy (1996) Bioaccumulation and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in three species of polychaete worms. Environ Toxicol Chem 15 1401-1410. 

Devi, V.U. 1996. Bioaccumulation and metabolic effects of cadmium on marine fouling dressinid bivalve, Mytilopsis sallei (Rccluz). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31 47-53. 

Katagi T (2010) Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 204 1-132... 

Wofford, H.W., Wilsey, C.D., Neff, G.S., Giam, C.S., and Neff, J.M. Bioaccumulation and metabolism of phthalate esters by oysters, brown shrimp and sheepshead minnows, Ecotoxlcol Environ. Saf, 5(2) 202-210, 1981. 

PROBABLE FATE photolysis , no direct photolysis, indirect photolysis is too slow to be important, atmospheric and aqueous photolytic half-life 144-200 days oxidation not an important process, photooxidation half-life in water 44-584 days, photooxidation half-life in air 2.9-29 hrs hydrolysis too slow to be important (half-life of several years) volatilization not a likely transport process, should not evaporate from soil or water sorption sorption onto particles and biota and complexation with humic materials are most important transport processes, attaches strongly to soil particles biological processes bioaccumulation and metabolization by many organisms, and biodegradation are all very important fates... 

A congener-specific approach to PCB analysis was required for two principal reasons [35]. First, there are significant differences in congener relative concentrations in environmental samples and commercial mixtures. Second, the enormous differences in the toxicides of PCB congeners necessitate congener-specific analysis in order to calculate the total toxic potential of a mixture of PCBs. For the more toxic congeners, information is required on their incidence, environmental weathering, bioaccumulation, and metabolism. 

Landrum, P.F., B.J. Eadie, W.R. Faust, N.R. Morehead, and MJ. McCormick. 1984. Role of sediment in the bioaccumulation of benzo[a]pyrene by the amphipod, Pontoporeia hoyi. Pages 799-812 in M. Cooke and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mechanisms, Methods and Metabolism. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

Terrestrial fauna, such as birds, mammals, or domestic animals. Effects are heavy metals accumulation followed by possible disturbance of physiological and biochemical reactions and metabolisms. Bioaccumulation of Cd, Hg and Cu in the food web is the most important concern. 

Thus, in the static ecosystem the translocation and metabolism of fenitrothion is very complicated, apparently due to decomposition by soil organisms. Nevertheless, the data presented here may imply that rapid bioaccumulation of the radioactive compounds derived from fenitrothion in snail or in fish is unlikely to occur in the natural environment. 

Consider the following purely hypothetical example assessment for the exposure of an insectivorous bird to a new agricultural insecticide. This insecticide degrades very quickly after application, so that its toxicity dissipates after 24 hours. It does not bioaccumulate, and nonlethal doses are metabolized with no long-term consequences for the bird. These features imply a fairly simple assessment, involving the following expression for computing exposure of a bird to the insecticide within 1 day of its field application... 

Mathews, J.M., Gamer, C.E. Matthews, H.B. (1995) Metabolism, bioaccumulation, and incorporation of diethanolamine into phosphohpids. Chem. Res. Toxicol, 8, 625-633 Mathews, J.M., Gamer, C.E., Black, S.L. Matthews, H.B. (1997) Diethanolamine absorption, metabolism and disposition in rat and mouse following oral, intravenous and dermal administration. Xenobiotica, 27, 733-746... 

Absorption is the process for which most is known about the influence of specific chemical properties. Nichols et al. [56] reviewed the literature and summarized the chemical properties and approaches to their assessment that appear to dominate adsorption (and metabolism) processes in fish. These properties and predictive tools could be used as guidance in the design of compounds with the potential for reduced likelihood of ecological effects, specifically bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. 

It is not feasible to study a wide array of tissues in a general population sample, so it is important to identify tissues that most accurately account for the body burden of most of the chemicals of concern. Figure 4-5 shows the main routes of exposure and the matrices available for analysis of biomarkers based on the metabolism and pattern of bioaccumulation and... 

Consequently, they are able to integrate pollutant levels over a broad area by bioaccumulation (Furness, 1993). A bird egg, unlike a mammalian fetus, is an isolated and independent metabolic system. In addition, persistent, bioaccumulative and lipophilic pollutants (e.g. PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans) are known to biomagnify in the egg yolk and result in concentrations of orders of magnitude higher than the ambient concentrations in the diet of the female bird (Kleinow et al., 1999). The contaminant levels in waterbird eggs, therefore, provide important and useful information for monitoring changes in environmental quality. 

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