Mineralization, bio-inspired

COlfen H (2007) Bio-inspired Mineralization Using Hydrophilic Polymers. 271 1-77 Collin J-P, Heitz V, Sauvage J-P (2005) Transition-Metal-Complexed Catenanes and Rotax-anes in Motion Towards Molecular Machines. 262 29-62 Collins BE, Wright AT, Anslyn EV (2007) Combining Molecular Recognition, Optical Detection, and Chemometric Analysis. 277 181-218 Collyer SD, see Davis F (2005) 255 97-124 Commeyras A, see Pascal R (2005) 259 69-122 Coquerel G (2007) Preferential Crystallization. 269 1-51 Correia JDG, see Santos I (2005) 252 45-84 Costanzo G, see Saladino R (2005) 259 29-68 Cotarca L, see Zonta C (2007) 275 131-161 Credi A, see Balzani V (2005) 262 1-27 Crestini C, see Saladino R (2005) 259 29-68... 

The use of double hydrophilic block copolymers in biomimetic mineralization processes has been investigated in recent years. In contrast to rigid templates (like carbon nanotubes and porous aluminum templates which predefine the final structure) water soluble polymers could be used as soluble species at various hierarchy levels. Usually, in the case of DHBCs, one of the block acts as scaffold for the development of the crystal, while the other acts as a soluble-stabilizing matrix. Therefore, both of the blocks play a crucial role on the development of the crystals. There is a plethora of reports on the emerging bio-inspired mineralization field. Various crystal structures have been presented during the last years, following versatile synthetic routes. A very detailed and illustrious review has been recently given by Colfen [3]. The above review describes in detail all aspects of the specific field. Herein, we present just a few selected examples. 

Keywords Amphiphilic polymers Langmuir monolayers Polymers on surfaces Bio-inspired mineralization... 

Keywords Bio-inspired mineralization - Double hydrophilic block copolymers Mesocrystals Non-classical crystallization Oriented attachment Self-assembly... 

Driven by the intensified research on biominerahzation processes as inspiration for the synthesis of future advanced materials [30,32,51-56] and also bio-inspired mineralization [41,57], several indications were found that crystallization does not necessarily proceed along the classical textbook crystallization pathway, which is the attachment of ions/molecules to a primary particle forming a single crystal... 

In the following sections, recent advances in the area of bio-inspired mineralization via morphosynthesis of various inorganic minerals by use of biopolymers, various synthetic polymers, and block and graft copolymers will be discussed with a clear focus on recent developments in this rapidly emerging field. Some recent reviews at least partially covering the focus of the present overview exist and shall be mentioned here to allow the reader to find further detail [26,34-36,40,43-45,57,105,113,149-152]. 

These results clearly show that most of the current bio-inspired mineralization approaches use over-simplified systems, which is a result of the often cumbersome analytics of the obtained organic/inorganic hybrid systems and their formation mechanisms. 

Calcium carbonate (CaCOs) has been widely used as a model system for studying the bio-inspired mineralization process due to its abundance in nature and also its important industrial applications in paints, plastics, rubber, and paper [344], Bio-inspired synthesis of CaCOs crystals in the presence of organic templates and/or additives has been intensively investigated and recent reviews show the wealth of resnlts obtained in the last few years [44,45). 

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