Binary technologies

Binary technologies are also acknowledged however, the development of other methods of synthesis is not excluded (the more steps there are involved in synthesis the more difficult it is to control the process). An alternative is to search for compounds either used or synthesized already. From the groups of highly toxic chemicals these could be fluorophosphorylcholines (unstable) or toxic silatrans. In the group of medicaments, there are also highly toxic chemicals... 

All the guidelines described so far could extend to almost any academic context. But what about guidelines unique to engineering education contexts This section addresses three specific ideologies observed in such contexts that could serve as sources of faculty resistance to SJ education a technical-social binary, technological determinism, and functionalism. CoUeclively, these perceptions circulate within and inform the ethos of engineering education contexts. 

The ethos of engineering education and the profession includes multiple interacting factors, a few of which have been explored here. Particularly in engineering education, it is crucial for SJAC proponents to understand the importance of addressing faculty resistance anchored in a technical-social binary, technological determinism, and functionalism. 

The known binary compounds of sulfur and fluorine range in character from ephemeral to rock-like and provide excellent examples of the influence of electronic and stmctural factors on chemical reactivity. These marked differences are also reflected in the diversified technological utiUty. 

The binary compounds of the Group 13 metals with the elements of Group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) are stmcturally less diverse than the chalcogenides just considered but they have achieved considerable technological application as III-V semiconductors isoelectronic with Si and Ge (cf. BN isoelectronic with C, p. 207). Their stmctures are summarized in Table 7.10 all adopt the cubic ZnS stmcture except the nitrides of Al, Ga and In which are probably more ionic (less covalent or metallic) than the others. Thallium does not form simple compounds... 

Like Ag, Au also readily forms linear 2-coordinate complexes such as [AuX2] (X = Cl, Br, I) " and also the technologically important [Au(CN)2] . But it is much more susceptible to oxidation and to disproportionation into Au and Au which renders all its binary compounds, except AuCN, unstable to water. It is also more clearly a class b or soft metal with a preference for the heavier donor atoms P, As and S. Stable, linear complexes are obtained when tertiary phosphines reduce Au in ethanol. 

The simplest solid—solid reactions are those involving two solid reactants and a single barrier product phase. The principles used in interpreting the results of kinetic studies on such systems, and which have been described above, can be modified for application to more complex systems. Many of these complex systems have been resolved into a series of interconnected binary reactions and some of the more fully characterized examples have already been mentioned. While certain of these rate processes are of considerable technological importance, e.g. to the cement industry [1], the difficulties of investigation are such that few quantitative kinetic studies have been attempted. Attention has more frequently been restricted to the qualitative identifications of intermediate and product phases, or, at best, empirical rate measurements for technological purposes. 

This development was technologically successful and E-plastomers are widely recognized to be very effective impact modifiers for iPP. In initial experiments, binary blends of iPP were compounded with EPDM, E-plastomers, or SEES as the elastomeric phase. In comparison to the known modifiers, such as EPDM or SEES, the binary blends with E-plastomers have properties which strongly depend on the amount and the identity of the E-plastomer. Thus, the addition of... 

Thorpe, K.L., Hutchinson, T.H., and Hetheridge, M.J. et al. (2001). Assessing the biological potency of binary mixtures of environmental estrogens using vitellogenin induction in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental Science and Technology 35, 2476-2481. 

Solid solutions are very common among structurally related compounds. Just as metallic elements of similar structure and atomic properties form alloys, certain chemical compounds can be combined to produce derivative solid solutions, which may permit realization of properties not found in either of the precursors. The combinations of binary compounds with common anion or common cation element, such as the isovalent alloys of IV-VI, III-V, II-VI, or I-VII members, are of considerable scientific and technological interest as their solid-state properties (e.g., electric and optical such as type of conductivity, current carrier density, band gap) modulate regularly over a wide range through variations in composition. A general descriptive scheme for such alloys is as follows [41]. 

Of particular interest is the fundamental science and technology of the solid solutions between II-VI binary compounds. These isovalent alloys may be classified according to the scheme introduced previously (see Sect. 1.2.3) - a convenient matrix diagram comprising their observed structures can be found in a publication of Wei and Zunger [102]. 

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) molten salts database has been designed to provide engineers and scientists with rapid access to critically evaluated data for inorganic salts in the molten state. Properties include density, viscosity, electrical conductance, and surface tension. Properties for approximately 320 single salts and 4000 multicomponent systems are included, the latter being primarily binary. Data have been abstracted from the literature over the period 1890-1990. The primary data sources are the National Bureau of Standards-National... 

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