Bile pigments from plants

As plants do not have bile ducts (or anything resembling an intestinal tract, even in carnivorous plants such as the venus flytrap and sundew), the term 

The conditions for efficient energy transfer by inductive resonance are that the phycobiliprotein chromophore (the donor) and the chlorophyll antenna molecule (the acceptor) be in close proximity, usually about 5 nm apart. The resonance part is how the frequency of the flurorescence emis- 

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Heme degradation Bile pigments exist in both the plant and animal kingdoms, and are formed by breakdown of the cyclic tetrapyrrole structure of heme. In animals this pathway is an excretory system by which the heme from the hemoglobin of aging red blood cells, and other hemoproteins, is removed from the body. In the plant kingdom, however, heme is broken down to form bile pigments... 

The bile pigments are derived from degradation of porphyrins in liver cells of animals. They are also of physiological importance in plants since they are related to... 

Pyrrole derivatives are quite rare in plants, except for the chlorophylls present in plants, pigments in the blood (heme), and the bile pigments derived from heme. Therefore, one may initially regard chlorophyll and heme as alkaloids containing a pyrrolidine or pyrrole ring that might possibly be derived from proline in their chemical strucmres. 

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