Bilberry extract

Vascular bilberry. extract/delphinin, myrtillin (aglycon delphinidin) in preventing... 

Yue, X. Xu, Z. 2008. Changes of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, and antioxidant activity in bilberry extract during dry heating. J. Food Sci. 73 C494-C499. 

Zhang, Z. Kou, X. Fugal, K. Mclaughlin, J. 2004. Comparison of HPLC methods for determination of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in bilberry extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 688-691. 

In Sprague-Dawley rats made diabetic with streptozocin, plasma glucose levels were 26% lower (p < 0.05) 4 days after streptozocin administration, and 26.6% lower (p < 0.01, unpaired /-test) 3 weeks after streptozocin administration in rats treated with bilberry extract at a dose of 3 g/kg twice daily for five doses compared with untreated diabetic rats. Triglycerides were also 38.8% (p < 0.05) lower in the treated rats. The extract did not affect glucose levels in control animals, and did not affect weight (1). 

A review by Head (19) describes a study published in Italian (20) in which bilberry extract (25% anthocyanosides) 180 mg and d,/-tocopheryl... 

Bilberry extract 200 mg/(kg day) administered intraperitoneally to euthyroid rats increased radiolabeled triiodothyronine (T3) transport into the brain, compared to vehicle only (21). Postulated mechanisms include central or peripheral inhibition of L-thyroxine s (T4) deiodination to T3 inhibition of T3 protein binding or enhanced T3 binding to carrier proteins in the brain capillary wall (21). Whether bilberry could interact with thyroid replacement therapy remains to be seen. 

Fig. 19 Structures of main anthocyanin glycosides (60, 88-93) in blackberry and bilberry extracts...

Surprisingly, the absorption varied widely from 19 to 37%, depending on the individual anthocyanin structure in the bilberry extract. Delphinidin 3-0-arabinoside (91) showed the highest absorption rate (37%). 

A systematic review of placebo-controlled studies on anthocyanosides of bilberry fruit indicated that no adverse effects were reported in any of the clinical trials on bilberry extracts (Canter and Ernst 2004). In a postmarketing survey of persons taking bilberry fruit extract, 94 of the 2295 survey respondents noted side effects, mostly related to the gastrointestinal, skin, or nervous system. Due to the nature of the survey, a causal association between bilberry and the symptoms could not be established (Eandi 1987). 

Similarly, no toxic effects were observed in rats administered up to 36 mg/kg bilberry fruit extract intravenously every day for 4 weeks or in dogs administered 12 mg/ kg bilberry extract intravenously every day for 13 weeks, although dark blue pigmentation of urine, skin, eyes, and sometimes liver, kidneys, and ovaries was observed in the rats and dogs (Eandi 1987). 

Bilberry extract Whey proteins Emulsion templating and hot gelation Preservation [158]... 

Biisopropyl. See 2,3-Dimethylbutane Bilberry extract. See Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract... 

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract CAS 84082-34-8 EINECS/ELINCS 281-983-5 Synonyms Bilberry extract Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium myrtillus extract Whortleberryextract... 

Table 5. Determination of L, a, b and derived parameters in a commercial bilberry extract at the same concentration but at different...

For confirmatory purposes, aqueous bilberry extract solutions resulting fi om the test protocol of the pH-differential method were injected onto a HPLC system used in om- laboratory for the determination of synthetic food colorants (adopted from [138]). 

Table 10. Test results obtained for bilberry extract adulterated with synthetic food colors (own investigations)...

Spiked standard sample (El23 Amaranth, E124, Allura Red, E122). Vlarket sample of bilberry extract adulterated with E123. 

The conditions used were ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-formic acid-water (100 11 11 26 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase and silica gel (F 254) as stationary phase [159]. Likewise, for qualitative analysis of elderberry silica gel (F 254 run) developed with hexane-ethyl acetate (8 2, v/v) and anisaldehyde solution as spray reagent were used [160]. Only recently a new method for detection of synthetic food colorants in bilberry extract with High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography has been published [161]. 

Anonymous. HPTLC detection of the azo dye amaranth as an adulterant of Bilberry extract, CAMAG application note F35, March 2007. 

In pilot studies, supplementation of CRC patients with freeze-dried black raspberry (BRB) suppositories and/or oral BRB slurry or an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract appeared to have a protective effect. " Over a... 

Consumption of black currant-based extracts or concentrates of anthocyanins has a positive effect on night vision, i.e., dark adaptation, though the positive effect on human vision of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extracts is controversial and still... 

Fursova AZh, Gesarevich OG, Gonchar AM, Trofimova NA, Kolosova NG (2005) Dietary supplementation with bilberry extract prevents macular degeneration and cataracts in senesce-accelerated OXYS rats. Adv Gerontol 16 76... 

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