Bicarbonate for

Portable fire extinguishers are classified according to appHcabiHty Class A for soHd combustibles Class B for flammable Hquids Class C for electrical fires that require a nonconducting agent and Class D for combustible metals. Water frequently is used for Class A extinguishers bicarbonates for Class B and Class BC carbon dioxide or Freon for Class C ammonium phosphate for Class ABC and powdered salt, sodium chloride, for Class D. 

Wa.terBa.la.nce Chemicals. Water balance chemicals include muriatic acid, sodium bisulfate, and soda ash for pH control, sodium bicarbonate for alkalinity adjustment, and calcium chloride for hardness adjustment. A recent development is use of buffering agents for pH control. One of these products, sodium tetraborate, hydrolyzes to boric acid and a small amount of orthoborate (50) which provides significantly less buffering than carbonate and cyanurate alkalinity in the recommended pool pH range of 7.2—7.8 even at 100 ppm. 

The use of the ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] further improved the Burgess epoxidation system [70]. Chan and coworkers found that replacement of sodium bicarbonate for tetramethylammonium bicarbonate and performing the reaction in [hmim][BF4] allowed for efficient epoxidation of a number of different olefins, including substrates affording acid-labile epoxides (such as dihydronaphthalene (99% yield) and 1-phenylcyclohexene (80% yield)). 

Applications Basic methods for the determination of halogens in polymers are fusion with sodium carbonate (followed by determination of the sodium halide), oxygen flask combustion and XRF. Crompton [21] has reported fusion with sodium bicarbonate for the determination of traces of chlorine in PE (down to 5 ppm), fusion with sodium bisulfate for the analysis of titanium, iron and aluminium in low-pressure polyolefins (at 1 ppm level), and fusion with sodium peroxide for the complexometric determination using EDTA of traces of bromine in PS (down to 100ppm). Determination of halogens in plastics by ICP-MS can be achieved using a carbonate fusion procedure, but this will result in poor recoveries for a number of elements [88]. A sodium peroxide fusion-titration procedure is capable of determining total sulfur in polymers in amounts down to 500 ppm with an accuracy of 5% [89]. 

The speed of the nitrate ion selective electrode makes its use potentially ideal for nitrate determinations on a large number of samples. However, the results from adding various interfering substances (Table 2.3) seem to cast some doubt upon the values obtained in the presence of chloride and bicarbonate, for although the results are precise, they are not accurate, being approximately 20-30% high. 

Metabolic acidosis may result when pC02 reads higher than 44 mm Hg or bicarbonate levels fall below 20 mEq/L, resulting in a pH lower than 7.35. A rise of 5 mEq/L of bicarbonate for every 10 mm Hg maybe necessary to normalize the pH. 

The original procedure for the bromination-oxidation-reduction route used bromine in aqueous potassium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide and reduction with alkaline ethanol. This procedure was improved by using NBS in aqueous sodium bicarbonate for the initial oxime bromination, followed by oxidation with nitric acid and final reduction of the Q -bromonitroalkane with sodium borohydride in methanol. It is possible to convert oximes to nitroalkanes via this procedure without isolating or purifying any of the intermediates. This procedure is reported to give yields of between 10 and 55 % for a range of oxime to nitroalkane conversions. ... 

Bicarbonate cannot be reabsorbed but CO2 can. In the blood the reverse reaction reinstates bicarbonate for the buffer system. 

Sulphates. — Digest 5 gm. of lead peroxide with 30 cc. of a cold saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate for three or four hours, shaking frequently. Then filter, acidulate the filtrate with hydrochloric acid, boil the solution for ten minutes, and add 2 cc. of barium chloride solution. No precipitate of barium sulphate should form on standing twelve hours. 

Carbon monoxide serves as the sole carbon and energy source for the carboxydo bacteria under aerobic conditions. Using water as the oxygen donor, carbon monoxide oxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon monoxide, giving carbon dioxide or bicarbonate for assimilation. Most work has been carried out on the enzyme from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.,ftJ7>W38 The activity of carbon monoxide oxidase is considerably stimulated upon anaerobic treatment with sulfide and dithionite, or by aerobic treatment with selenite. The binding of selenite to the oxidase specifically activates the CO — methylene blue reaction.1039 The molybdenum cofactor liberated from selenium-activated carbon monoxide oxidase does not contain selenium. Here, then, the... 

The same procedure is used for etilefrine and estriol with the following changes. For analysis of etilefrine the tablet is dissolved in 70 ml of water, and the buffer Titrisol (pH 7) is used instead of sodium bicarbonate. For analysis of estriol the capsules are dissolved in 70 ml of acetone, 5 ml of the solution of the sample are dansylated and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (1 ml) is used for buffering the reaction. TLC separation is achieved with benzene-ethanol (9 1) for etilefrine and with chloroform-ethanol-benzene (16 3 2) for estriol. 

Preparation of Solutions of Magnesium Bicarbonate for Deacidification of Documents... 

Data on the effect of soaking in water and/or magnesium bicarbonate for... 

Table VIII. Effect of Soaking in Water and/or Magnesium Bicarbonate for 30 Minutes Each on the pH of Several Old Papers...

The most important are carbonate and bicarbonate for which a great variety of bonding modes has been established 122 these can be designated by the link and... 

Lipids form a minor part of the carbon content of herbivore diets As a result, despite the fact that they are used primarily for energy metabolism, their abundance is not sufficient to greatly influence the isotopic composition of blood bicarbonate For this reason, the isotopic composition of lipids will not significantly affect the isotopic ratio of carbon in bone apatite ... 

ESI mass spectrometry was performed on approximately 32 pmol of peptide mixture in decylglucopyranoside buffer without success (data not shown). PVDF-bound transferrin was digested in lower concentrations of detergent, and substitution of ammonium bicarbonate for Tris, although these conditions are optimum for ESI mass spectrometric analysis the digestion was not successful as determined by HPLC analysis (7). 

Suitably substituted tetrazolium salts are transformed by aqueous base into 4-imidazolones, e.g. l,5-dimethyl-4-phenacyltetrazolium bromide, heated in sodium bicarbonate for 15-20min at 80-100°C gives 1,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-4-imidazolone in 48% yield [26]. 

No single antacid is satisfactory for all circumstances and mixtures are often used. They may contain sodium bicarbonate for quickest effect. 

Alkalosis and hypokalaemia (possibly caused by secondary hyperaldosteronism or use of diuretics) shift the dissociation constant towards free, toxic NH3. By contrast, ammonia is considered - in a process resembling a vicious circle - to be a secondary stimulus for aldosterone production. Thiazide diuretics in particular put an overload on the detoxification capacity of the scavenger cells. This is because of an insufficient supply of bicarbonate for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase reaction due to diuretic-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial carboanhydrase. 

Determination of D- and L-His content in peptides was carried out using Marfey s reagent, l-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-I-alanine amide (FDAA) (9). Peptides were first hydrolyzed for 18 hr in 6 N HCl under reduced pressure. To ensure that racemization during hydrolysis would be minimized, this time was determined by evaluation of a time course of hydrolysis on the reference peptides. After incubation with 10 mM FDAA in 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate for 1 hr at 40°, the hydrolysates were acidified with 0.2 N HCl before injection on a Hypersil... 

Lactic acid is also used as a food preservative. Therapeutically, lactic acid is used in injections, in the form of lactate, as a source of bicarbonate for the treatment of metabolic acidosis as a spermicidal agent in pessaries for the treatment of leukorrhea in infant feeds and in topical formulations for the treatment of warts. 

Patients suffering from mild or moderate exposures may only require supportive care and observation (8,21). More severe exposures necessitate basic life support, including mechanical ventilation, 100% oxygen, circulatory support with crystalloid and vasopressor agents, sodium bicarbonate for correction of the metabolic acidosis and seizure control with benzodiazepines (7,21). 

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