Carbon monoxide, activation

Unusual Carbon Monoxide Activation, Reduction, and Homologation Reactions of 5/-Element Organometallics... 

In both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, carbon monoxide activation involves first the coordinaiive interaction of carbon monoxide with a metal acceptor center. Carbon monoxide, being a weak donor base, does not react with a proton and produces only a vety weak interaction with a hard acid center such as BH3, With less hard Lewis centers, such as CuX, AgX, AuXj etc. (X - halogen), more or less stable carbon monoxide adducts can be isolated. A variety of modes of CO coordination in well characterized organometallic complexes is known. Scheme 1 contains some selected examples. 

Katahira DA, Moloy KG, Marks TJ (1982) Carbon monoxide activation by organoactinides. Formyl pathways in CO homologation and hydrogenation. Organometallics 1 1723... 

Catalytic schemes for carbon monoxide activation required for methanol car-bonylation to acetic acid and alkene hydroformylation often depend on a carbon... 

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a gas purification process, which consists of the removal of impurities on adsorbent beds. The usual adsorbents and gases adsorbed thereon are molecular sieves for carbon monoxide, activated carbon for carbon dioxide, activated alumina or silica gel. lyuke et td. reported that the addition of tin onto activated carbon improved the efficiency of the adsorptive removal of carbon monoxide from hydrogen [420]. 

The carbon monoxide activation mechanism implies that its reaction with the substrate must take place within the coordination sphere of the catalyst. 

Moloy K.G., Marks, T.J. and Day, V.W. (1983) Carbon monoxide activation by organoactinides. r -Acyl-CO coupling and the formation of metal-bormd ketenes. Journal ofthe American Chemical Society, 105, 5696-5698. 

The scope of the book is largely confined to the most recent developments in carbonylation chemistry. Since this book of special focus is not intended to go into the fine details of homogeneous catalysis as well as its historical background, only the most recent achievements of carbonylation chemistry are discussed. I believe there is no need to elaborate further on the earlier findings in view of the excellent textbooks already available. During the last decade, several novel synthetic reactions involving carbon monoxide have been discovered, as well as new methods such as biphasic carbonylation or application of ionic liquids have been developed. It is our purpose to provide a perspective of this formative period through the contributions of the experts on special topics of carbon monoxide activation by transition metals. 

With carbon monoxide activation by Cp2Sc(ER3)THF (ER3 = Si(SiMe3)3, SiPh Bu, Ge(SiMe3)3) the compounds Cp2Sc[0C(ER3)C(L)0] (L = THF, MeTHF, PMe2Ph) or the enedionediolates Cp2SiSc[OC(ER3)CO]2 have been isolated (Campion et al. 1993). 

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