Betaine sugar beet

Glycine Betaine Sugar beet, other samples of animal and plant origin... 

Schlempe [German, meaning residue from fermentation processes ] An obsolete process for making sodium cyanide by calcining sugar beet residues. These residues contain betaine, (CH3)3NCH2COO, which yields HCN when heated above 1,000°C. 

These are the respective sites of photosynthetic and respiratory function in eukaryotic cells. Sugar beets are high in betaine. It ends up in the molasses during the recovery of sucrose. When fermenting beet molasses to ethanol, the betaine ends up in the stillage. 

Betaine, which occurs in the juice of the sugar-beet and is the source of the trimethylamine made from the residue obtained in the preparation of sugar, has the structure represented by the following formula —... 

The betaines, especially the coconut-oil-derived cocamidopropyl betaines, are the most important zwitterionic surfactants. The name betaine refers to trimethylglycine, which was first isolated from sugar beet beta vulgaris). Cocoamphomonoacetate and cocoamphodiacetate are the most important types for the amphoteric surfactants. The structures and names for both product types are summarized in Table 15.1. 

Delwiche and Bregoff (1958) have measured the formation of serine, eth-anolamine, choline, and betaine in sugar beet Beta vulgaris L.) leaf discs. Formaldehyde, formate, and glycine were tested as precursors. Glycine was converted to serine,... 

Several metabolic pathways (e.g. hpid metabohsm, creatine and carnitine synthesis) require methyl groups and these can be snppUed by choline or methionine. During the process of transmethylation, betaine, a tertiary amine, is formed by the oxidation of choline. Betaine can be added to the diet to act as a more direct supply of methyl groups, thus sparing choUne for its other fimctions of lecithin and acetylcholine formation, and methionine for protein synthesis. Betaine occurs in sugar beet. 

Also used in surfactant production, betaine is isolated from sugar beet as a value added coproduct from sugar refining. Betaine is used in skincare formulations as a moisturiser and stabiliser for its water binding and cell membrane protecting properties. 

Betaine A nitrogen-containing compound found in sugar beet and other plants. 

The desugarization by-product is normally sold as a low value molasses. Pulse method systems also produce a relatively high value betaine-rich (at least 50% on soHds) fraction. The concentrated betaine-rich by-product is used as a custom animal feed, whose European markets are well estabUshed and may provide a future opportunity in the U.S. feed industry. Beet sugar molasses contains from 3 to 6% betaine, by weight, about three-quarters of which may be recoverable as a potential by-product ( 40 50% purity). 

In the field of the organic micropollutants, we can establish that the residues of making of beet-sugar, are constitued bassically for nitrogens compounds with heterocycle ring of pyrazine, standing out for its concentration the 2, 5-Dimethyl pyrazine, 2, Ethyl-5, Methyl Pyrazine and 3,-Ethyl-2,5 -Dimethyl Pyrazine. We think these compounds are metabolic pro ducts of the aminoacids present in the beet, mainly of the gly cine and its trimethyl derivates like the betaine... 

After crystallisation and separation of the sugar from the water extract, a thick black liquid termed beet molasses remains. This product contains 700-750 g/kg DM, of which about 500 g consists of sugars. The molasses dry matter has a crude protein content of only 20-40 g/kg, most of this being in the form of non-protein nitrogenous compounds, including the amine betaine, which is responsible for the fishy aroma associated with the extraction process. 

Sugar cane molasses contains about 80% dry matter, of which 30-40% is saccharose and 30% glucose and fructose. The content of non-sugars is about 10%. The non-sugars include small amounts of raffinose, no betaine, but also about 5% aconitic acid, which is not present in beet molasses. The content of inorganic substances is about 8%. Sugar cane molasses is mainly used for production of rum and arrack. 

A substance closely related to choline. It may serve as a raw material from which the body synthesizes choline. Betaine has been shown in animal experiments to prevent fatty livers when diets high in fat, cholesterol, and/or sugar are consumed. The Erest sources of tetaine are plant foods, particularly beets. 

Betaine is the name of an amino acid, (CH3>3NCH2COO, which is found in beet sugar (beta, Latin, beet) and exists as a zwitterion. 

Refined beet sugar contains traces of betaine as a constant impurity, and thus may be distinguished from cane sugar. 

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