Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers

Sharma AM, Pischon T, Hardt S, Kunz I, Luft FC. Hypothesis Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and weight gain a systematic analysis. Hypertension 2001 37(2) 250-4. 

The necessity of PKA activation for successful preconditioning is demonstrated by the following (i) the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker alprenolol partially abolished ischemic preconditioning (Lochner et al. 1999) (ii) landiolol, a short-acting beta-blocker, blunted the infarct size limitation induced by ischemic preconditioning (Sanada et al. 2004) (iii) PKA inhibitors such as H89 (Sanada et al. 2004 Inserte et al. 2004) and Rp-cAMPs (Sanada et al. 2004) blunted ischemic and dibutyryl-cAMP-induced preconditioning. 

R 783 R. Cizmarikova, J. Valentova and J. A. Hutta, Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers - a Group of Chiral Drugs Enantioseparation in the Group of P-Blockers , Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 2004,53,9... 

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers of the type 3 receptor (adipose tissue [fat] mobilization)... 

Hugget D, Brook B, Peterson B, Foran CM, Schlenk D (2002) Toxicity of selected beta adrenergic receptor-blocking pharmaceuticals (B-blockers) on aquatic organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43 229-235... 

Hnggett, D.B., Brooks, B.W., and Peterson, B. et al. (2002). Toxicity of select beta adrenergic receptor blocking pharmaceuticals (beta blockers) on aqnatic organisms. Archives Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41, 229-235. 

Because of their reflex cardiac effect, vasodilators, if used alone in the treatment of hypertension, have not been a successful therapeutic tool. However, the reflex tachycardia and increase in cardiac output can be effectively blocked by the therapeutic association with a sympathetic blocker guanethidine, reserpine, methyldopa, or clonidine. More specifically, blockade of the cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors will also prevent the cardiac response to hydralazine. Thus, the therapeutic combination of hydralazine and propranolol can be successfully employed for effective blood pressure reduction(11). 

Norepinephrine-Blocking Medications. There is some evidence that exaggerated norepinephrine activity plays a part in the affective instability, aggression, and impulsivity seen in a variety of psychiatric illnesses including the personality disorders. This may in fact explain why the TCAs, which tend to increase norepinephrine activity, have not proved helpful for BPD. Based on this theory, beta blockers, which interfere with norepinephrine activity at the beta-adrenergic receptor, may help in the treatment of impulsivity and aggression in those with BPD. 

Deficiency of adrenal medullary catecholamines appears to give no ill effects, and replacement therapy is therefore not used, but adrenal medullary tumours, phaeochromocytomas, secrete excess catecholamines often causing hypertension with dramatic episodes of headache, palpitations, pallor, sweating and anxiety. This condition is normally treated surgically, but preoperative preparation is mandatory to avoid catastrophic effects of surges of catecholamine release. A combination of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade is normally used, with drugs such as phenoxybenzamine or doxazosin as alpha-blockers, and propranolol as a non-selective beta-blocker. 

Mechanism of Action A betaj-adrenergic blocker that competitively blocks beta,-adrenergic receptors in cardiac tissue. Reduces the rate of spontaneous firing of the sinus pacemaker and delays AV conduction. Therapeutic Effect Slows heart rate, decreases cardiac output, decreases BP, and exhibits antiarrhythmic activity. Pharmacokinetics ... 

Atenolol (Tenormin) [Antihypertensive, Antianginal/Beta Blocker] Uses HTN, angina, MI Action [3-Adrenergic receptor blocker... 

Beta-blockers Drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic system and thus act to relieve high blood pressure (Chapter 3). 

Selective blockers affect a specific beta-adrenergic receptor site. Tartrate (Lopressor) is a selective beta-adrenergic blocker that blocks betaj to decrease pulse rate and decreased blood pressure. 

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