Bergman, Torbem

Bergman, Torbem. 1782. Sciagraphia regni mineralis. Leipzig and Dessau Bibliopolio Eruditomm. 

Organic ---derived from living organism (In 1770, Torbem Bergman, Swedish... 

The great mass of iron which a Cossack found at Krasnoyarsk in 1749 interested Professor P. S. Pallas so much that in 1775 he had it brought to St. Petersburg for investigation. When Torbem Bergman... 

Native Antimony. In 1748 Anton von Svab found that the so-called arsenical pyrite from tire Sala mine in Sweden was native antimony (76, 79). In a review in 1781 of Torbem Bergman s dissertation on the wet assay of minerals, one finds the statement that the native antimony (Spiessglaskonig) discovered by von Svab is also found, although but rarely, outside Sweden in a quartzose matrix (80). 

Torbem Bergman (1735-1784) stated that "Bismuth is either native or mineralized by sulfur, perhaps also by acid air [carbon dioxide]. The first ore was found not m Germany, but in Sweden, especially at Riddarhytta (80). 

Torbem Bergman, 1735-1784. Swedish chemist, mineralogist, and editor. Author of the Opuscula physica et chemica, a six-volume treatise. Among his students were Calm, the discoverer of manganese, Hjelm, who isolated molybdenum, and J. J de Elhuyar, who with his brother Fausto discovered tungsten. 

Torbem Olof Bergman, 1735-1784. Swedish chemist, pharmacist, and physicist. He was among the first to investigate the compounds of manganese, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and molybdenum. He was an immediate forerunner of Haiiy in the history of theoretical crystallography (68). 

On September 28, 1781 Scheele wrote to Torbem Bergman, I am pleased that Herr Hjelm has reduced molybdic acid (8). On November 16, 1781, Scheele wrote to Hjelm,... 

Dr. Fages and Dr. Moles both pointed out that, in isolating the new metal, the de Elhuyar brothers did much more than merely confirm the hypothesis of Torbem Bergman. Instead of analyzing tungstic acid intentionally prepared to test this hypothesis, as has so often been stated, they analyzed wolfram without any preconceived ideas. Dr. Fages stated that, after the de Elhuyar brothers had discovered the acid in wolframite ... 

After receiving his early education first at the school in Linkoping and then under his stepfather and under tutors, Berzelius studied medicine at Upsala, and at the age of twenty-two years he received his medical degree. Johan Afzelius, a nephew of Torbem Bergman, was then the professor of chemistry, and A. G. Ekeberg, who discovered tantalum at about the time of Berzelius graduation, was an assistant. 

In 1783 he published an annotated translation of Torbem Bergman s Sciagraphia regni mineralis, and in the following year he communicated to the Philosophical Transactions his Experiments and observations on terra ponderosa (barium carbonate, or witherite) (96). He stated that the specimen he examined came from a lead mine at Alston Moor, on the Pennines of Cumberland. Although he at first mistook it for heavy spar (barite) he soon found it to be a compound of heavy earth (barium oxide) and fixed air (carbon dioxide) (97). 

Original Latin of Sir Torbem Bergman, Vol. 1, J. Murray, Balfour, Gordon, ana Dickson, London, 1784, pp. 423-40, 460-3. 

Hjelm, P. J., Aminnelse-tal ofver. . . Torbem Bergman, J. G. Lange, Stock-... 

Birth of Torbem Bergman. H.-L. du Hamel du Monceau demonstrates that the mineral alkali (soda) is a constituent of common salt, of Glauber s salt, and of borax, and prepares sodium carbonate from salt. 

W. A. Smeaton, Torbem Olof Bergman, from natural history to quantitative chemistry , Endeavour, 1984, NS 8, 71-74. 

Carbon monoxide was a puzzlement during the late eighteenth century when it was discovered independently by Torbem Bergman, Joseph Marie Francois de Lassone, and Joseph Priestley." Steam passed over red-hot charcoal produces water gas, which is useful for combustion energy but highly toxic. (We understand today that it is a mixture of CO, H2, and CO2). Priestley ob-... 

Torbem Bergman (1775) (ed.) Chemical Lectures ofH.T. Scheffer. Translated by... 

At about the same time, Torbem Bergman proclaimed that the analytical method was the only method that could be trusted when establishing components of compounds ... 

Figure 9.2 Torbem Bergman s classification of the mineral kingdom from 1779.

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