Bergius method

Pyrolysis. In the pyrolysis process for converting coal into oil, high heat is applied to coal in an oxygen-free environment, decomposing it into oil and coal tar, then the oil is subjected to hydrogenation to remove sulfur and other extraneous content before it is processed into fuel sources. Substantially fewer demonstration efforts have been devoted to this process because the amount of oil produced per ton of coal is less than that yielded by the Fischer-Tropsch or Bergius method, and no major bquefaction operation at even the pilot plant level has been based on it. 

C. Bosch and F. Bergius (Heidelberg) the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods. 

The coverage on liquid fuels must include an account of the processes for synthesis of gasoline. The synthesis process is carried out by any one of the following (i) polymerization, (ii) Fischer-Tropsch method and (iii) Bergius process. The following description relates only to the first of these methods. 

This method, which is known as the Bergius process, was put into commercial operation in 1913 at Hanover. It has two grreat advantages—a. very pure hydrogen is produced, and since it is under great pressure, it can be... 

BERGIUS, FREDERICK (1884-1949). A Gentian chemist who won the Nobel prize in 1931 with Carl Bosch for chemical high-pressure methods. He invented a method of converting coal dust into oil via pressunzed hydrogen, He also invented a method for production of cattle... 

On the basis of the above methods, two classes of industrial processes have been developed, namely the Bergius-Rheinau process, based on the use of concentrated hydrochloric acid at ordinary temperatures, and the Scholler-Tornesch process, in which very dilute sulfuric acid is used at temperatures of 170-180°C (338-356°F). The latter method in an improved form is known as the Madison process, based on work done at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin. A number of modifications have been developed, including four in Japan. 

Bosch, Karl. (1874-1940) A German chemist who was the 1931 recipient of the Nobel Prize with Friederick Bergius. In World War I, his catalyst study led to the production of synthetic gasoline. He also worked in the area of chemical high-pressure methods. His research in ammonia synthesis aided in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. His doctorate was awarded in Liepzig, Germany. 

Carl Bosch (1874-1940), Germany, and Friedrich Bergius (1884-1949), Germany. In recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods. ... 

Methods of coal liquefaction have been available since the beginning of the twentieth century but the cost has initiated searches for more effective new processes. For example, in the Bergius process for direct coal liquefaction, the coal is treated with hydrogen under pressure at 450°C (840°F) in the presence of a solvent and an iron oxide catalyst. The activity of this catalyst is low, however, because the solid iron oxide cannot enter the macromolecular network structure of the insoluble coal. Semianthracite coal, which only contains a small amount of volatile components, cannot be converted by this process. 

Neither the idea nor the practice of producing oil from coal is new. As early as 1819, Charles Macintosh distilled naphtha from coal for the purpose of waterproofing textiles. However, the major breakthroughs in coal liquefaction did not occur until the period between the early 1900 s, when the two processes long used as the starting points for producing oil from coal—the Bergius and Fischer-Tropsch methods— were developed. 

An industrial chemist, Carl Bosch, who jointly won the Nobel Prise with Friedrich Bergius in high-pressure studies in 1931, later improved upon the Haber method. 

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