Benzyl alcohol CAS

CH302C -1.57 91 0 Methyl benzoate 94 Benzyl alcohol ca. 5 Methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzoate (traces)... 

BENZYL ALCOHOL AND /J-PHENETHYL ALCOHOL. Benzyl alcohol [CAS 100-51-6], (1) /1-phenethyl alcohol (2) (2-phenylethauol) are the simplest of the aromatic alcohols, and. as such, are chemically similar. Their physical properties are given in Table I. 

NTP (1989) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 343, pp. 1-158. 

In case of the binary mixture of meta and para-cresols, the entrainer used has been benzyl alcohol (CAS no. [100-51-6], CsHgCHaOH, FCC grade, b.p. 206°C, df 1.040-1.050,... 

Tri methyl benzyl alcohol CAS 1197-01-9 EINECS/ELINCS 214-817-7 FEMA 3242... 

Riboflavin forms fine yellow to orange-yeUow needles with a bitter taste from 2 N acetic acid, alcohol, water, or pyridine. It melts with decomposition at 278—279°C (darkens at ca 240°C). The solubihty of riboflavin in water is 10—13 mg/100 mL at 25—27.5°C, and in absolute ethanol 4.5 mg/100 mL at 27.5°C it is slightly soluble in amyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, amyl acetate, and phenol, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, and benzene. It is very soluble in dilute alkah, but these solutions are unstable. Various polymorphic crystalline forms of riboflavin exhibit variations in physical properties. In aqueous nicotinamide solution at pH 5, solubihty increases from 0.1 to 2.5% as the nicotinamide concentration increases from 5 to 50% (9). 

A sample of polyester (ca. 1 g, exactly weighed) is dissolved in 20 mL toluene-ethanol mixture (1/1 vol.) and titrated by a solution of KOH in ethanol (0.05 mol/L) using a potentiometric titrator. A blank titration must be performed under the same conditions. Hardly soluble polyesters (e.g., PET) must be dissolved in an o-cresol-chloroform mixture or in hot benzyl alcohol.417 The result (acid content) is normally expressed in mmol COOH/g polyester but may also be given as the acid number, defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize 1 g of polyester. [Acid number = (number of mmol COOH/g polyester) x 56.106.]... 

Oxidation of Aicohois Investigated in Micro Reactors Cas/iiquid reaction 23 [CL 23] Oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde... 

The availability of Nafion on silica has not only lowered the cost of the resin but also has made it versatile (Sun et al., 1997 Harmer et al., 1998). A number of industrially important reactions have been attempted, with considerable success, with these catalysts. Consider the Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate to p-acetyl phenol (/t-hydroxy acetophenone). This has been accomplished by Hoelderich and co-workers (Heidekum, 1998). In the ca.se of alkylation of benzene with benzyl alcohol, Amberlyst-15 and p-toluene sulphonic acid are ineffective and Nafion on silica works well at 80 °C. 

The pyridine-catalysed lead tetraacetate oxidation of benzyl alcohols shows a first-order dependence in Pb(OAc)4, pyridine and benzyl alcohol concentration. An even larger primary hydrogen kinetic isotope effect of 5.26 and a Hammett p value of —1.7 led Baneijee and Shanker187 to propose that benzaldehyde is formed by the two concurrent pathways shown in Schemes 40 and 41. Scheme 40 describes the hydride transfer mechanism consistent with the negative p value. In the slow step of the reaction, labilization of the Pb—O bond resulting from the coordination of pyridine occurs as the Ca—H bond is broken. The loss of Pb(OAc)2 completes the reaction with transfer of +OAc to an anion. 

Oxidation ofbenzylic alcohols TEBA-Br, (2.05 g, 5.25 mmol) and NaOH (0.6 g) in H20 (25 ml) are added dropwise to the benzylic alcohol (5 mmol) in CC14 (25 ml) and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for ca. 15 h until the yellow colour fades. Aqueous NaHSO, (5%, 5 ml) is added and the aqueous phase is separated and extracted with CH2C12 (3 x 30 ml). The dried (MgS04) organic phases are evaporated to yield the aldehyde. 

Much emphasis has been placed on the selectivity of quaternary ammonium borohydrides in their reduction of aldehydes and ketones [18-20]. Predictably, steric factors are important, as are mesomeric electronic effects in the case of 4-substituted benzaldehydes. However, comparison of the relative merits of the use of tetraethyl-ammonium, or tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride in dichloromethane, and of sodium borohydride in isopropanol, has shown that, in the competitive reduction of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, each system preferentially reduces the aldehyde and that the ratio of benzyl alcohol to 1-phenylethanol is invariably ca. 4 1 [18-20], Thus, the only advantage in the use of the ammonium salts would appear to facilitate the use of non-hydroxylic solvents. In all reductions, the use of the more lipophilic tetra-n-butylammonium salt is to be preferred and the only advantage in using the tetraethylammonium salt is its ready removal from the reaction mixture by dissolution in water. 

In a more recent report, a novel dinuclear N,N,0-donor Schiff base-calcium complex [(DAIP)2Ca]2 where DAIP = 2-[2(-dimethylamino-ethylimino)methyl] phenol 76 (Fig. 12) was shown to initiate ROP of L-lactide in a controlled fashion in the presence of benzyl alcohol giving a 96% conversion within 30-60 min at room temperature, yielding polymers with high molecular weight and low PDIs [89]. Taking into account the dimeric molecular structures of hexa- and hepta-coordinated Ca" in the solid state and the kinetic results gained from this study (first order dependency on [LA] a first order dependency on [BnOH] with d[LA]/ df = prop[LA] [BnOH] and a p op constant of 1.95 s ), a coordinatio-... 

A further aid in the location of the solvents and their exact specification is the Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Registry Number, shown in the second column. The Chemical Abstracts name may be the same as the commonly used one or may differ from it considerably, so that it is not always easy to find the solvents in these Chemical Substance Indexes of the Chemical Abstracts. Eor instance, benzene, methyl is a fairly transparent name for toluene, and methanol, phenyl a slightly less one for benzyl alcohol, but one has to become familiar with the systematics of Chemical Abstracts nomenclature in order to search for diethyl ether or any other more complicated compound. It is expected that with all this information available in table Al the solvents listed are definitely specified and readily found in the Abstracts and other compilation of information and data. 

In the Meerwein-Fonndorf reduction, cinnamaldehyde is reduced to cinnamic alcohol (yield ca. 85%) with isopropyl or benzyl alcohol in the presence of the corresponding aluminum alcoholate. 

Benzyl acetoacetate [5396-89-4] M 192.2, b 130°/2mm, 156-157°/10mm, 162-167°/15mm, 275-277°/atm, d4 1.114, n D 1.514. Fractionate and collect fractions of expected physical properties. Otherwise add ca 10% by weight of benzyl alcohol and heat in an oil bath (160-170°, open vessel) for 30min during which time excess of benzyl alcohol will have distd off, then fractionate. [JOC 17 77 1952],... 

Benzyl Chloride (a-chlorololuene). [CAS IOO-44-7J. Benzyl chloride can be synthesized by chloromelhylaiion of benzene in the presence of a catalyst (ZnCl ) or by treatment of benzyl alcohol with SOsCh. Commercially it is produced by chlorination of boiling loluene in Ihe presence of light Benzyl chloride can be oxidized to benzoic acid or ben/aldchyde, or substituted to give the halogenaced. sulfonated or nitrated product ... 

Salicyl Alcohol. Salicyl alcohol [CAS 90-01-71 (saligenin, c-hydroxy-benzyl alcohol) crystallizes from waterin the form of needles or white rhombic crystals. It occurs in nature as the bitter glycoside, salicin [CAS 138-52-3], which is isolated from the bark of Salix helix, S. pentatidra, S. praecos, some 1455... 

Alcohols react with compound 22 at low temperature in ca. 30 min, yielding an alkoxydimethylsulfonium salt 24 and one equivalent of trifluoroacetic acid. This mixture is normally stable at room temperature for several days. Nonetheless, alkoxydimethylsulfonium salts, derived from alcohols whose radicals are able to stabilize carbocations—particularly allylic and benzylic alcohols—suffer solvolyses by the action of trifluoroacetic acid from 0°C to room temperature, already in the absence of an amine, yielding the corresponding trifluoroacetates. This differential stability of alkoxydimethylsulfonium salts, derived from diverse alcohols, dictate different protocols in the Omura-Sharma Swern oxidation depending on the alcohol (vide infra). 

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