Benomyl benzimidazole fungicides

The much wider disease control spectrum of the benzimidazole fungicides (eg. benomyl, BCM, thiabendazole) - permitted far wider usage. In the beginning, these were suitable for control of numerous plant diseases, but a new phenomenon soon emerged - resistance Due to the specific mode of action of these fungicides, resistance could appear quite rapidly. The conventional fungicides previously used had a broad biocidal activity and resistance had never been experienced. 

Uses Benomyl is a crystalline solid compound. It has little or no odor, and the USEPA has grouped it under GUP. Benomyl is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide that is selectively toxic to microorganisms and invertebrates, especially... 

All benzimidazole fungicides (benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole) and thiophanate fungicides are cross-resistant. However, the reeently diseovered fungicide, zoxamide, which also inhibits the B-tubulin assembly, is not cross-resistant in oomycetes... 

Benomyl commercial fungicide, methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate. Captan commercial fungicide, N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]cyclohex-4-ene-l,2-dicarboximide. 

Mull RL and Hershberger LW (2001) Inhibitors of DNA biosynthesis-mitosis Benimidizoles - the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and carbendazim. In Krieger R (ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 2nd edn., pp. 1673-1699. San Diego, CA Academic Press. 

Benzimidazoles. Thiabendazole, and a few years later, benomyl, were introduced as postharvest fungicides 1n the late 1960s. These outstanding compounds (benzimidazole fungicides) provided excellent control of both fruit decay and Penicmium sporulation (1,2). 

Benomyl and the other benzimidazole fungicides are toxic to earthworms (Stringer and Wright, 1973) and may seriously disturb the earthworm population, for instance, in orchards, so that the leaf litter is not removed. Some benzimidazole fungicides (thiabendazole and mebendazole) may be used as anthelmintica. 

The benzimidazole fungicides, such as benomyl (Section 6.3.4), are thought to act similarly to the benzimidazole anthelmintics. 

Benzimidazole fungicides. Of the benzimidazole fungicides, both thiabendazole [II, 15.9.] and carbendazim [II, 11.4.] have been evaluated as components of wood preservative formulations. Of these, carbendazim has been valued for its activity towards stain and mould fungi, particularly in combination with chlorothalonil as noted above. Carbendazim (a breakdown product of benomyl [II, 11.5.]) has very low solubility in most solvents and therefore is most commonly applied as a dispersion in antisapstain treatments. Carbendazim is however soluble at lower pH (as an acid salt), and has been used as a mould control agent in CCA treatment solutions. Acid salts of carbendazim (hydrochloride and phosphate) have been used in the treatment of Dutch elm disease. 

In a study using a human neuroblastoma cell line, mixtures of three different organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, diazinon, and dimethoate) and mixtures of an organic phosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) and a benzimidazole fungicide (benomyl) showed greater toxicity toward protein synthesis than the individual pesticides [21]. The authors of the study concluded that it is not feasible to predict the toxicities of pesticide mixtures on the basis of the toxicities of the single components. 

Methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (47), known as carbendazim, and some of its derivatives such as benomyl (48), are potent broad spectrum systemic fungicides (B-77MI10703). They are synthesized straightforwardly from o-phenylenediamine (b-... 

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