Behavioural choices

Using the knowledge of the development of resistance to synthetic chemicals, one can predict that an organism encountering a new inhibitory NP in its food source, or in its environment, will evolve a capacity to adapt to the new chemical. By behavioural choices, or by chance circumstances, some individuals in the population will not be exposed to a lethal dose of the NP and the descendants of those individuals will eventually form resistant populations. 

Relevance The topic is relevant if respective decisions will affect the current or future lives of the students. Scenarios are reflected to see which impact potential decisions will have on, e.g., behavioural choices, consumer behaviour, or availability of products. 

Generalising—as we must—governments in motorised nations tend to operative reactively things are put in place only at times of perceived crisis. This is not surprising given all we have said about the way communities view traffic safety. The more we consider road trauma as the result of aberrant behaviour by a deviant minority, the less likely we are to call for systematic action that will almost certainly impose additional constraints upon our personal driving behaviour choices. Governments respond to their perception of community desires. 

In the laboratory the impact behaviour of a material could be examined by testing plain samples, but since brittle failures are of particular interest it is more useful to ensure that the stress system is triaxial. This may be achieved most conveniently by means of a notch in the sample. The choice of notch depth and tip radius will affect the impact strengths observed. A sharp notch is usually taken as 0.25 mm radius and a blunt notch as 2 mm radius. 

The various grades of copper available do not differ to any marked extent in their corrosion resistance, and a choice is usually based on other grounds. Subsequent references to the corrosion behaviour of copper may therefore be taken to apply broadly to all types of copper. 

Although the initial choice of coating material applied for reasons (b) or (c) may be dictated by the particular properties required, the corrosion behaviour of the composite metal coating/metal substrate system must also be taken into consideration in so far as it may affect the maintenance of the desired properties. Consequently, in all cases where protective metal coatings are used the corrosion performance of both coating and substrate require careful consideration. 

Ideally the product is a fine-grained ceramic containing interlocking crystals with sizes ranging from less than 10 nm in transparent glass-ceramics to several micrometres, with a residual, usually small, glass content. The behaviour of the material is largely determined by the choice of the cry-... 

Some interesting cases of isomerism in bridged complexes do arise. The thiocyanate bridged complex shown in Figure 3.41 is a good example of the ambidentate behaviour of the thiocyanate (confirmed by X-ray) while in the complexes [Pt(PR3)(SR)(SR )]2 the choice of isomer is determined by the order in which the thiolate groups are introduced (Figure 3.42). 

We conclude this section by emphasizing that although specific choices for the rate constants were made in the original paper which could be questioned on the same basis as those of LH theories, this is not necessary to deduce the general physical behaviour of this model. Models which alow for a wide range of crystallization paths are capable of predicting a wide range of physical behaviour. 

The choice of specific systems where readily perceived changes of properties were associated with changes in the controlling chemical equilibrium enabled explanation in general and prediction in particular to be finked to behavioural changes. 

The beauty of finite-element modelling is that it is very flexible. The system of interest may be continuous, as in a fluid, or it may comprise separate, discrete components, such as the pieces of metal in this example. The basic principle of finite-element modelling, to simulate the operation of a system by deriving equations only on a local scale, mimics the physical reality by which interactions within most systems are the result of a large number of localised interactions between adjacent elements. These interactions are often bi-directional, in that the behaviour of each element is also affected by the system of which it forms a part. The finite-element method is particularly powerful because with the appropriate choice of elements it is easy to accurately model complex interactions in very large systems because the physical behaviour of each element has a simple mathematical description. 

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