Beginnings of a Career

Ten years after his return to Florence, Angeli was invited to fill the Chair of Chemistry vacated by the recent death of Hugo Schiff in 1915. He then assumed the Chair of Organic Chemistry, which was specifically created for him, and remained at Florence for the rest of his life, refusing offers of prestigious chairs at Rome in 

He habitually refused to accept any honors or privileges with the exception of the Cross of War, conferred on him for his civilian services as a chemist during World War I. Angeli s scientific productivity was marked by a high level of innovative ideas. In his 40 years of research, he produced 220 publications, among which were five that have been cited by chemists worldwide for many years  

1911 Actions of nitrous and nitric acids on indole and pyrrole 

1924 On behavioral analogies among some derivatives of benzene and corresponding aliphatic series derivatives 

1930 Researches and considerations about the structures of diazo-compounds. 

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Think about your commencement ceremonies. On the surface, commencements celebrate the beginning of a career. Experience indicates, however, that such occasions also mark the commencement of the rest of your education. Although it may not be as formal as the first part, it will be just as important and it should last much longer for the rest of your life. 

The calculation of polarizabilities is one of the research topics Jens Oddershede is working on since the beginning of his career [1-21], Already in one of his first papers he discussed the dipole polarizability of HF [1] and returned to it several times later [3,6,13,14,18]. Therefore, we decided to contribute to this special issue with a study of static dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities which are still one of the most studied electromagnetic properties. 

The beginning of a new career can be very exciting but can also be confusing if the pharmacist is not aware of the potential career path. A typical human resources benchmark for determining if someone has become a professional is if he or she remains in a position for about 3 years. The first 3 years in a career can set the tone of success or struggle. In human resources, it is recognized that a person s best performance is typically within the first year he or she is in a position. Performance can be accomplished in a short amount of time... 

Earlier in my career as a dye chemist, I worked with Dr. Monroe Sadler of Central Research, who introduced me to Dr. Catherine Looney, a spectroscopist, who had obtained her doctorate working on the spectra of triphenylmethane dyes. Looney was very helpful to me with reflectance measurements before she retired to have two sons. It was the beginning of a very long association, which proved invaluable to our program. 

Consequence and solution Need to identify problems. Because of our belief that we are operating within a meritocracy, we do not scrutinize our procedures for their possible disproportionate impact on males and females. We do not ensure, for example, that men and women are aware of institutional resources and have the same access to them. But a study of men and women in academic medicine reported that, even at the beginning of their careers, men had more resources than women.26... 

Mark Kramer There is one very peculiar thing about the tenure system in regard to the collaboration issue. We do have five years at the beginning of our careers, or longer in some cases, where collaboration can hurt your chances of obtaining tenure. One has to establish an independent record of excellence and not a collaborative record. I hate to say it, but one does get trained into a mode of independent research in those early years of one s... 

The conventional analytical powder diffractometer has been and hitherto continues to be a workhorse for thousands of researchers, both mature and those who are just at the beginning of their careers in science and industry. Appropriately, this chapter is illustrated by many examples obtained using standard analytical instruments. Needless to say that when a more advanced radiation source is used to study the phenomenon of powder diffraction from the same quality specimen, this will only result in a better (i.e. more accurate) set of experimental data. 

In September 1985 Training Course on Research Methodology in Plant Taxonomy win conducted in the Herbarium Bogoriense under the auspices of the former National Biological Institute - LI PI, the Rijksherbarium Leiden, and UNESCO-MAB. The course was attended by Indonesian junior scientists and junior lecturers at the beginning of their career and specialization as practicing plant taxonomists.. For that purpose special hand outs were prepared and accumulated into a handy manual which was consulted daily by the trainees throughout the course. 

Rereading the textbooks that 1 used at the beginning of my career as a peeler now makes me realize why it was so difficult to get an overall grasp of the field and to understand the consistency of the technique. 

Petr Carsky received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1968 working at Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Rudolf Zahradnik. Except for a single year (in 1989) he had a position at the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry (Academy of Sciences), where he is now Director of the institute. The beginning of his career falls into the era of semiempirical calculations but since the early 1970s he has been active in the held of ab initio computational chemistry. 

At the outset it was said that both kinetics and electrochemistry, unlike thermodynamics, had a healthy and vigorous childhood. At the same time it should be recognized that at first investigators in physical chemistry tended to be treated as pariahs by the majority of chemists. Van t Hoff suffered a period of unemployment at the beginning of his career, and Ostwald at first had to work as a schoolteacher with no facilities for research. Van t Hoff s theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom was derided by the organic chemist Hermann Kolbe (1818-1884). Ostwald s important early work in physical chemistry was not at all appreciated by many chemists, who complained that Ostwald was not a true chemist since he had discovered no new compounds to this Ostwald cheerfully retorted that the number of compounds that he had discovered was minus one, since he had shown by physical methods that an alleged new compound was identical with a substance that was already well known. 

Lennard-Jones s interest in the kinetic aspects of gases stimulated by his relationship with Chapman in Manchester was further enhanced by Fowler s contributions to the theory. His stay with Max Born in Gottingen in 1929 was quite decisive in his becoming thoroughly acquainted with the new mechanics and reinforced his belief that quantum mechanics would help clarify a host of physical problems. He became convinced that quantum mechanics would help him deal with the problem that had vexed him since the beginning of his career—the nature of the forces exerted between the atoms and ions of gases and crystals. In his very first papers of the series "On the Determination of Molecular Fields," he attempted to devise new methods in order to, indirectly, derive information about these forces because the existing methods made it nearly impossible to proceed to a "direct calculation of the nature of the forces... 

A year after the untimely death of Carothers, in 1937, I joined the Basic Science Research Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati for a period of two years. With the outbreak of World War II and the urgency of research and development on synthetic rubber, supply of which was imperiled, I returned to industry, first at the Esso (now Exxon) Laboratories of the Standard Oil Development Company (l9liO U3) and later at the Research Laboratory of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (l9 3-U8). Provision of opportunities for continuation of basic research by these two industrial laboratories to the limit that the severe pressures of the times would allow, and their liberal policies on publication, permitted continuation of the beginnings of a scientific career which might otherwise have been stifled by the exigencies of those difficult years. 

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