Beaker test

Two methods of capsule formation were employed static beaker tests and atomizer screenings. In the beaker tests, which comprised the first phase of the screening (Step 2 of Fig. 1), a small volume of inner polymer solution was extruded from a Pasteur pipette as a droplet (nominally 2-3 mm) into a receiv-... 

Results of Beaker Test, o form content and average crystal size of product crystal are shown In Figure 5 and Figure 6 against the crystallization temperatures. It Is shown that a-form content Increases according to decrease of crystallization temperature and... 

Figure 5. Relationship between content of ot-form crystal and crystallization temperature in beaker test.

Emulsions An empirical test in which varying amounts of a potential demulsifier or coagulant are added into a series of tubes or bottles containing sub-samples of an emulsion or other dispersion that is to be broken or coagulated. After some specified time, the extent of phase separation and appearance of the interface separating the phases are noted. This test has many variations. For emulsions, in addition to the demulsifier, a diluent can be added to reduce viscosity. In the centrifuge test, centrifugal force can be added to speed up the phase separation. Other synonyms include jar test, beaker test. 

Covered Beaker Testb Open Beaker Test ... 

Practical aspects. Some endpoints need more elaborate experimental setups than others, for example, microcosm or mesocosm studies on community responses compared to simple beaker tests for determining effects on the survival of a single species. As a consequence, possibilities for the replication or repeating of tests may be limited. This may affect the possibility of meeting requirements for a proper analysis of the resulting toxicity data against the 2 reference models of CA and IA. 

Two 1-mL transfer pipettes one 2-mL transfer pipette one 5-mL transfer pipette one 1-mL graduated pipette two 2-mL graduated pipettes one 25-mL graduated cylinder or pipette pipetting bulb glass-stoppered flask volumetric flasks, beakers, test tubes. 

Relationships between three extraction parameters—solvent composition, temperature, and particle size—can be determined from simple beaker tests. Raw material ground to the desired particle size is contacted with the chosen solvent at the chosen temperature in a beaker and mixed over time. Thief samples are removed at various time intervals and analyzed for the marker. At the completion of the test, the marc is separated from the extract, dried, and analyzed. (In instances when the phytochemical is heat sensitive, the marc can be analyzed wet and the assay calculated on a dry basis). Based on this information, the amount of marker remaining in the dry marc can be determined after correcting for the marker in the absorbed extract in the wet marc. From these data, the equilibrium relationship defined in Equation 11.1 can be determined, as well as the time it takes to reach maximum extraction. Conditions are changed to give a high equilibrium constant and a short extraction time to reach equilibrium. Based on this information, one can select the appropriate extraction equipment as well as the operating conditions to operate the equipment. 

Using these equations, it is possible to use the simple beaker test data to calculate expected phytochemical extract concentrations and recoveries at the temperature and particle size of the beaker test for various liquid-to-solids ratios for each successive extraction with fresh solvent. 

Material 200 ml beaker, test tube, pipette, glass rod, tweezers, knife sodium, mercury, universal indicator paper. 

Material Beakers, test tubes calcium carbonate powder, dilute hydrochloric acid, household limestone deposit remover, candle. 

Material Small and large beakers, test tubes, pipettes common laboratory acid and alkaline solutions, sodium chloride solution, concentrated sulfuric acid, universal indicator solution and indicator paper (with a color chart), phenolphthalein solution. 

Material Beakers, test tubes, magnetic stirrer, measuring equipment for electrical conductivity and tester, pH meter calcium hydroxide solution (limewater), carbon dioxide gas. 

Material Beakers, test tubes, plastic pipettes, measuring cylinders (100 ml), scales copper sulfate hydrate, 2-M hydrochloric acid, ammonia solution (25% solution, diluted 1 50). 

The initial attempts to reduce other metal halides with sodium were made in beaker tests and were crude nevertheless, the results of these tests permitted a preliminary evaluation of the sodium dispersion method as it applies to low-temperature reduction of metal halides other than iron. Two systems were investigated anhydrous metal halide added to a sodium dispersion in toluene at room temperature and at 80 C., and sodium dispersion added to a large excess of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (ether complex) followed by addition of the anhydrous metal halide at room temperature. Results of these beaker tests were as follows (12) ... 

Place 10. mL of 0.1 M aluminum sulfate, AI2(804)3, solution in a 50-mL or larger beaker. Test a drop of this solution with blue litmus paper. Describe what you observe in TABLE 36.IB. 

All of the steps above assume that you know what the waste is To be certain about this, all beakers, test tubes, and other containers must always be identified at all times during an experiment with accurate labels. It is easy, at first, to think that you ll remember what is in each of a few beakers as an experiment proceeds, but this is a system that will inevitably fail. Many solutions are clear and therefore indistinguishable. 

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