Mechanically rechargeable batteries

Anode Primary Batteries Mechanically Rechargeable Batteries Electrically rechargeable batteries... 

Zinc is commonly used as an anode in metal-air batteries. Zinc-air batteries are commercially available and used as power supply for navigation buoys, communication systems, hearing aids, and etc. [2], Mechanically rechargeable Zn-air batteries are developed recently for traction [3],... 

Iliev I., Kaisheva A., Stoynov Z. Pauling H.J, Mechanically rechargeable Zinc-air cells, Proceedings of the 3th International Battery Recycling Congress, July 2 - 4, 1997, Noordwijk Aan Zee, the Netherlands. 

Kaisheva A., Iliev I., Milusheva J. Mechanically rechargeable magnesium-air cells with non-aggressive electrolyte. International Congress for Battery Recycling, July 3-5, 2002, Vienna, Austria. 

In Fig. 17 we have presented the current-voltage and the power characteristics of 12-cells battery from the cells type ZV300. It must be reminded that, when the zinc anode in the primary zinc-air cells is discharged, the cell is out of operation. By this, the air electrodes, which in principle can operate for a long time, are lost. In order to avoid this inconvenience, mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cells were developed [14]. The essential feature of the mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cell is that the air electrodes are used many times. 

A variety of primary zinc-air cell and batteries are designed with capacity ranging from 100 Ah to 3300 Ah, operating at nominal currents from 2 to 40A at temperatures in the range +40 -t- -40°C. Mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cell are also developed and tested in experimental electric cars and scooters. 

Problems of the metal-air batteries and air electrode are considered. Results of research, design work and development of the air - Zn primary and air-Al mechanically rechargeable batteries, as well as electrically rechargeable electrodes are presented. 

AIR-ALUMINIUM MECHANICALLY RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES WITH SALINE ELECTROLYTE... 

Air-Zn primary and air A1 mechanically rechargeable batteries with carbonaceous air electrodes were designed and tested. Air Zn batteries are mostly used in the hearing aids, while air-Al batteries find wider range of applications in the portable devices. Electrically rechargeable air electrodes with pyropolymer catalyst have been developed. 

Mechanically rechargeable batteries, 3 518 Mechanical needling, 17 475 Mechanical properties. See also Physical properties... 

Mechanically Rechargeable Zinc—Air Battery , ECOM 3086 (1969) 11) C.L. Mantell, Bat-... 

Fig. 9.19 Schematic diagram of a filling station for electric vehicles powered by mechanically rechargeable zinc-air batteries. (By permission of Edison.)...

Mechanically Rechargeable Batteries. To avoid the time required for electric recharge, the problems of in silu electric recharge, or to utilize anodes that are not electrically rechargeable in aqueous electrolytes, mechanically rechargeable batteries have been studied. These systems arc metal-air couples. Ihe anodes that have received attention arc zinc, lithium, and aluminum. 

A mechanically rechargeable battery can be seen as a primary, for it is not electrically rechargeable as a unit. The metal fed into it becomes a fuel and the battery is then like a fuel cell. 

They could serve as reserve batteries to be used with an electrolyte of sea water. Despic (1981) utilized the properties of A1 alloys with tin to shift the potential of A1 in the negative direction and increase the potential of the cell formed with Oz. The CF ion in sea water breaks down protective layers that would reduce the rate of anodic dissolution in an Al-02 battery. In fact, in sea water, such batteries can function at the extraordinarily high rate of 1 A cm4. The watt hours per kilogram at low rates of discharge are 500, which is well above the practical range for other batteries. In view of the commercialization of mechanically rechargeable Zn-air batteries for automotive applications, the commercialization of A1 batteries in the United States is conspicuous for its slowness.38... 

Note that the manufacture of A1 occurs from plentifully available natural resources at present this is bauxite and eventually it will be clay. The electricity for many aluminum plants comes from hydroelectric plants, so that the use of mechanically rechargeable A1 batteries (obtained in this manner) would lead to a reduction in greenhouse gases faster than that of re-forming methanol on-board cars to obtain hydrogen for fuel cells (because this gives rise to C02). (Bockris)... 

In the mechanically rechargeable zinc-air batteries, each cell has its own zinc hopper. The electrochemical process continues until the hoppers are empty, at which point the cells are completely discharged and must be refilled. An important aspect of these systems is that the... 

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