Lithium batteries, cathode materials

Souquet JL, Duclot M (2002) Thin film lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 148 375-379 Whittingham MS (2004) Lithium batteries and cathode materials. Chem Rev 104 4271-4301... 

Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials M. Stanley Whittingham... 

Whittingham MS. Lithium batteries and cathode materials. Chemical Reviews. 2004 104(10) 4271-4302. 

The basic galvanic cell consists of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. In a lithium rechargeable battery, the cathode material is an intercalation compound with a layered or framework structure (Barboux, 1991). On charging the Li is oxidized at the cathode... 

FIGURE 11.15. Cell voltage vs. e aeity for thin-film lithium batteries having cathode materials InSe, TiSj, I4, and VgOjj. (From Julien, C. and F Optimization, Kluwer, Boston, 1994. With permission.)... 

Hence, it is mainly solvents of the classes 5-8 that are suitable for lithium batteries, but only under condition that they are electrochemically stable with lithium and cathode materials. A recently reported exception is tt-butylamine [41], a solvent of class 3, because reaction (1) does not take place. 

An inspection of Tables 1 and 2 shows that appropriate solvents for lithium batteries mainly belong to classes 6 and 7 and include cyclic (EC, PC) and open-chain (DMC, MEC, DEC, MPC) esters and ethers (DIOX, DME, THF) as well as inorganic sulfur compounds (S02, SOCl2). These sulfur compounds are mainly used as liquid cathode materials, simultaneously serving as solvents (S02C12, SOCl2) or cosolvents (S02) in primary or secondary lithium batteries. Recent developments of solvents include... 

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