Basal plane of the carbon/graphite

The reaction at the anode in Li-Ion cells is given in Equation 1. During charge the lithium ions approach the surface of the carbon where they accept an electron and enter the lattice. On discharge, the opposite reaction occurs. The electrochemical reaction is thought to occur on the edge planes and not the basal plane of the carbon/graphite particles. 

The mechanism describing the basic behavior of the edge pyrone groups in the graphitic basal planes of the carbon black is depicted below it derives from the... 

Site of the. acidic surface oxides. The question whether the acidic surface oxides are bound to the periphery of the carbon layei-s or to the basal planes of the crystallites could be resolved by oxidation of a graphitized carbon black (46). The particles of carbon black are, at first approximation, spherical. The graphite-like crystallites show such preferential orientation that their c axis are aligned in a radial direction (64, 65). A schematic representation of this secondary structure is given in Fig. 1. On recrystallization between 2000 and 3000°, many small... 

White and Germer (77) deposit carbon from a hydrocarbon on quartz at 1000° C. X-ray reflection patterns indicate that the basal planes of the graphite lie parallel to one another and to the quartz surface. 

In the work reported in this chapter, oriented pyrolytic graphite was shock-loaded at pressures up to 15 GPa perpendicular or parallel to the basal plane of the graphite. The phase transitions of graphite to other carbon allotropes will be discussed using nanostructural data obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). 

Brittle foils with perfectly reflecting surfaces because the basal planes of the graphite crystals are parallel to the foil planes. Surfaces up to several centimeters. Thicknesses up to some tenths of a millimeter. Coatings of lustrous carbon on ceramic materials serve as high electrical resistances. The crystal size is about 25 A. 

This is possible because carbon fibres have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre direction. The coefficient in the transversal direction is positive. This is due to the electrons in the basal planes of the graphite, which are highly mobile, similar to those in a metallic bond. 

Fig. XVII-18. Contours of constant adsorption energy for a krypton atom over the basal plane of graphite. The carbon atoms are at the centers of the dotted triangular regions. The rhombuses show the unit cells for the graphite lattice and for the commensurate adatom lattice. (From Ref. 8. Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society, copyright 1993.)...

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