Basal plane graphite electrode

F.A. Armstrong, A.M. Bond, H.A.O. Hill, B.N. Oliver, and I.S.M. Psalti, Electrochemistry of cytochrome c, plastocyanin, and ferredoxin at edge- and basal-plane graphite electrodes interpreted via a model based on electron transfer at electroactive sites of microscopic dimensions in size. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111,91859189 (1989). 

The surface CV of anthraquinone- or its derivative-adsorbed electrode shows a reversible 2-electron-transfer redox couple. For example. Figure 7.9(A) shows the surface CV of anthraquinone-carboxlyic-allyl ester (ACAE) adsorbed on a basal plane graphite electrode surface. The pH dependent of the peak potentials gives a slope of 57 mV pH , suggesting that the redox process involves two electrons and two protons. The surface reaction reactions on the electrode surface can be assigned as Reaction (7-VI) ... 

Armstrong, F.A., Bond, A.M., Hill, H.A.O., Oliver, B.N. and Psalti, I.S.M. (1989) "The Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c, Plastocyanin, Azurin, Rubredoxin and Ferredoxin at Edge- and Basal-plane Graphite Electrodes Interpreted via a Model Based on Electron Transfer at Electroactive Sites Approaching Molecular Dimensions in Size", J. Am. Chem. Soc., Ill, 9185-9. 

Figure 9.11 (trace A) shows voltammetry for vitamin B12 in aqueous buffer at a basal-plane graphite electrode. The wave corresponds to the two-electron reduction of the Co(III) centre in vitamin B12 to Co(l) ... 

Hb/gold nanoparticles/graphene-modified basal plane graphite electrode 0.72-7.92 pM 12 nM 145... 

Figure 7.9 (A) Cyclic voltammo-gratn of the basal plane graphite (BPG) coated by anthraquinone-carboxlyic-allyl ester (ACAE with a loading of 8.9 x 10 mol cm ) in N2 Saturated 0.1 M Na2S04 + 0.1 M CH3COOH/ CHaCOONa (pH = 5.8). Potential scan rate 100 mV s . (B) ORR current—potential curves of ACAE (1.0 X 10 " mol cm )-coated BPG electrode recorded in O2-saturated 0.1 M Na2S04 + 0.1 M CHaCOOH/CHaCOONa (pH = 5.6) at different electrode rotating rates as marked beside the curves. (C) Koutecky—Levich plot at electrode potential of 0.4 V vs SCE, data from (B). Reprinted with permission from Ref. 36.

OMC ordered mesoporous carbon, RDE rotating disk electrode, RRDE ring disk electrode, BPG basal plane graphite, PPY Poly(pynole), GO graphene oxide, DDAB didodecyldimethylammonium bromide... 

The presence of redox catalysts in the electrode coatings is not essential in the c s cited alx)ve because the entrapped redox species are of sufficient quantity to provide redox conductivity. However, the presence of an additional redox catalyst may be useful to support redox conductivity or when specific chemical redox catalysis is used. An excellent example of the latter is an analytical electrode for the low level detection of alkylating agents using a vitamin 8,2 epoxy polymer on basal plane pyrolytic graphite The preconcentration step involves irreversible oxidative addition of R-X to the Co complex (see Scheme 8, Sect. 4.4). The detection by reductive voltammetry, in a two electron step, releases R that can be protonated in the medium. Simultaneously the original Co complex is restored and the electrode can be re-used. Reproducible relations between preconcentration times as well as R-X concentrations in the test solutions and voltammetric peak currents were established. The detection limit for methyl iodide is in the submicromolar range. 

Figure 1. Reflectance spectra of Fe-TsPc in 0.1 M NaOH adsorbed on the basal plane of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode at 0.90 V vs. a-Pd and on a Pt electrode at 0.70 V with Ar (0) and O2 ( A ) saturated solutions. Reproduced with...

A. Salimi, R.G. Compton, and R. Hallaj, Glucose biosensor prepared by glucose oxidase encapsulated sol-gel and carbon-nanotube-modified basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. Anal. Biochem. 333, 49— 56 (2004). 

R.R. Moore, C.E. Banks, and R.G. Compton, Basal plane pyrolytic graphite modified electrodes comparison of carbon nanotubes and graphite powder as electrocatalysts. Anal. Chem. 76, 2677—2682... 

Figure 15 Cyclic voltammogram recorded in a aqueous solution (pH= 7) of a cytochrome P450cam-DMPC thin film at a basal plane pyrolitic graphite electrode. Scan rate 0.1 V s l...

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