Barrel of a Gun

In the wrong circumstances, charcoal can he dangerous. Just ask Johann Baptist Von Helmont, who coined the term gas and then almost gassed himself by burning charcoal indoors.  

This is followed by many other reactions that keep the chain going. One is thought to be (where M is a molecule or atom for collision)  

However, where sources of hydrogen are present [water, methane (CH ), etc.], a very different and even faster chemistry occurs  

Charcoal does not burn rapidly because of its solid structure and the absence of sources of hydrogen the latter also explains the relative abundance of carbon monoxide in its emissions. To trap and observe CO, it needs to be made outside of normal combustion conditions. Imagine newborn guppies amidst a tank of voracious fish. Now imagine the same newborn guppies deposited by their mother directly into an incubator tank so they may be studied. 

Carbon monoxide was a puzzlement during the late eighteenth century when it was discovered independently by Torbem Bergman, Joseph Marie Francois de Lassone, and Joseph Priestley. Steam passed over red-hot charcoal produces water gas, which is useful for combustion energy but highly toxic. (We understand today that it is a mixture of CO, H2, and CO2). Priestley ob- 

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Muzzle. The end of the barrel of a gun from which the bullet or projectile emerges Ref OrdTechTerm (1962), 199-R... 

There are two types of crusher gages exterior and interior. a)The exterior gage is attached on the outside of a closed vessel (or a barrel of a gun) by means of a mounting thread column. The attached illustration represents the US "External Crusher Gage , T14. Its usable range of measurement is 6 to 58 thousand psi with piston area 1/30 sq in. b)The interior gage is not attached, but simply placed inside a vessel or barrel. It cannot be used in small arms. The attached illustration represents the British Service Crusher Gauge (Ref 36, pp 163-64)... 

The propagation of pressure waves such as acoustic wave, shock wave, and Prandtl-Meyer expansion through a gas-solid suspension is a phenomenon associated primarily with the transfer of momentum although certain processes of energy transfer such as kinetic energy dissipation and heat transfer between gas and solids almost always occur. Typical applications of the pressure wave propagation include the measurements of the solids concentration and flow rate by use of acoustic devices as well as detonation combustion such as in a rocket propellant combustor or in the barrel of a gun. 

Ball>6crew. An implement for extracting bul lets from the barrel of a gun in cases where it would be dangerous or impossible to expel them by firing. It is screwed on to the end of the itimrod, which, being turned, causes the screw-threaded pointed end of the ball-screw to enter the bullet, which is then withdrawn by pulling the ramrod. The common form is shown at a. 

Mayevskii, N.V. (1823—1892), eminent Russian ballistician and originator of the science of Exterior Ballistics. He was equally known for work in the field of Interior Ballistics. In 1856 he designed a method of measuring the pressures in various sections of a gun barrel on firing. In 1867 he conducted expts to detn projectile velocity and correlated press with velocity Refs 1) Hayes, Elements of Ordnance , J. Wiley, NY, 437 (1938) 2) A.D. Blinov, Kurs-... 

Muzzle Brake. (Freins de bouche in Fr, M lin-dungsbremse in Ger). A cylindrical device with flanged or baffled surfaces which is attached to the muzzle of a gun, usually by threads, to offset a long or complete recoil of the gun when fired. The expanding proplnt gases strike the baffles, thus pushing the gun barrel forward. This action can shorten the actual recoil distance, or it may relieve an overloaded recoil system. The latter would occur when a conventional gun was deliberately overloaded to increase the projectile velocity... 

Muzzle Flash or Muzzle Flame. Flame that appears at the muzzle of a gun when a projectile leaves the barrel. See Flash Reducing (or Antiflash) Agents, Flash Reduction in Ger Projectiles, and Flash Reduction in Ger Proplnts, Vol 6, F96-L to F99-L... 

One of the earliest uses of SP, and a use that continues to be important even at present, was in propelling projectiles out of gun barrels. The 1 heat and combustion products of the propelling SP charge can have a deleterious effect on the bore of a gun barrel. This breaking down and wearing away of bore metal is called erosion. Gun barrel erosion has been discussed at some length in Vol 5, El 12—20 and D1536... 

With fixed physical dimensions of a gun barrel, the thermodynamic efficiency of a gun propellant is expressed by its ability to produce as high a pressure in the barrel as possible from a given propellant mass within a limited time. 

In general, the internal pressure in a gun barrel exceeds 200 MPa, and the pressure exponent, n, of the propellant burning rate given by Eq. (1.80) is 1. When n = 1, the burning rate of a gun propellant is represented by... 

It should be noted that both KNO3 and K2SO4 are useful additives for eliminating the luminous flame generated at a rocket nozzle and also for suppressing the formation of muzzle flash generated at the exit of a gun barrel. The potassium atoms generated in the gun barrel by the decomposition of these potassium salts are believed to act as a flame retardant. 

When used in anti-aircraft guns, this proplnt increased the barrel life of a gun from 1700 firings (as experienced with NG proplnts with a calorific value of 950 cal) to about 15000 firings (Ref 8, p 88)... 

Chevreuil [40] reported that in the bore of a gun barrel the powder decomposes according to the equation ... 

In calculating the life of a gun barrel, it was considered in Germany to relate to the "effective calorific value , more than to the values obed in a calorific bomh (See also under " Energy Content of a Propellant Charge" and under "Erosion of the Bore")... 

Barrel, Gun (or Tube). The cylindrical metallic part of a gun which controls the initial direction of the projectile. The term tube is preferred for designating the larger diam barrels(See also Bore) Ref-. Glossary of Ord(1959) 32... 

C.Cranz K.R.Koch designed, in 1896, an apparatus which permits registering by high-speed photography, the vertical as well as the horizontal oscillations of a gun barrel. The same apparatus takes pictures of the projectile as it leaves the muzzle Ref-. Cranz 3 (1927) 279-281... 

Bore(noun). The interior portion of a gun barrel or tube which is in front of the breechblock, including powd chamber, shot chamber, slopes and the rifled portion of the tube(see also Barrel, Gun) Ref l)Glossary of Ord(1959),45 2)Webster s Unabridged Dictionary(1961),255... 

It possesses, however, the following advantages over a gun a)Its lighter and shorter barrel permits throwing a heavier projectile than a gun of equal wt b)Its proplnt chge is not as heavy and is more flexible, and c)The life of a howitzer is much longer than that of a gun of equal caliber... 

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