Barrel inventory

Servo Gauge. Servo gauges are high accuracy, electromechanical devices that are used on inventory control appHcations where accountabiUty is mandated for custody transfer of Hquids. The large, million barrel, bulk terminal vessels are where these devices originally found a niche. 

Suppose you are a chemical distributor who wishes to optimize the inventory of a specialty chemical. You expect to sell Q barrels of this chemical over a given year at a fixed price with demand spread evenly over the year. If Q = 100,000 barrels (units) per year, you must decide on a production schedule. Unsold production is kept in inventory. To determine the optimal production schedule you must quantify those aspects of the problem that are important from a cost viewpoint [Baumol (1972)]. 

The amount of SOx produced in the regenerator can be considerable. For example, consider a 50,000-barrels-per-day unit, with a catalyst inventory of 500 tons and a catalyst circulation rate of 50,000 tons a day. The unit operates at a catalyst to oil ratio of 6. The feedstock contains 2.0% sulfur, and 7% of the sulfur in the feedstock goes to coke. For this unit, the daily SOx emissions would be 23.3 tons, expressed as SO j or 11.7 tons, expressed as elemental sulfur. 

The consequences of contamination are largely irreversible, contagious, and calamitous. Unchecked bacterial spoilage in barrels can rapidly change the flavor of the whole wine inventory. Usually, because of the insulating nature of wood fiber, re-sterilization of badly infected barrels is impossible. The barrels should be burned and replaced without further delay. It is important to detect barrel spoilage early in the cycle. 

These developments have led to dramatic reductions in the size (elevation, volume, catalyst inventory) and, hence, costs of an FCC unit per barrel of feed charged and converted. 

Medium size capacity 15,000 barrels/day = 2390 gasoil/day Catalyst silica-alumina zeolite catalyst or molecular sieves 20-80 p Total catalyst inventory 250 tons Amount in regenerator 100 tons Catalyst bulk densities... 

At the end of March, the inventory is 75,000 barrels. Determine the cost of the barrels sold during the quarter. The total barrels sold during the quarter is 100,000 - 75,000 -I- 80,000 -I-... 

Direct radiation exposure -Irradiated isotope production target, up to 20,000 curies -Fresh waste barrel, up to 120.000 curies -Entire waste inventory, up to 500.000 curies -Forklift accident -Mishandling during waste storage -Combined mechanical failure and human error Direct exposure to these radiation hazards is normally prevented by radiation shielding. 

Inventory in-v9n- tor-e. In injection molding or extrusion, the amount of plastic contained in the heating cylinder or barrel. 

In large plants of UOP design, a second reactor is often connected to the first reactor. In such an arrangement, the HF hydrocarbon dispersion from the first reactor flows in series through the second reactor where more feed hydrocarbons are injected. Several years ago, the liquid HF inventories in UOP plants were about 5-6 pounds of HF per barrel of alkylate per day. Considerable effort has recently been made to reduce these inventories in order to reduce the potential dangers of the unit. The current levels in UOP plants are unknown. 

For both processes, the catalytic reaction is carried out in a two-liquid phase system in which it requires a very large volume of liquid acid catalyst. In other words, it requires very large in-process inventories of acid catalysts. For example, a typical HF-based process plant that has a 10,000 barrel daily capacity may require as much as 400,000 lbs. of stored anhydrous HF. Petroleum refiners favor the HF-based process since it works well, and all the HF used is recycled within the process. However, HF is highly toxic, and the process is still subject to potentially... 

Due to the high tritium inventory, two containers with barrels-filled with waste could not be shipped to external storage sites and therefore had to be stored in the remaining controlled area within the envelope of the safe aiclosure. 

In September 1996, two containers with barrels filled with tritium-contaminated waste were stored within the cover of the safe enclosure. The 16 D350-barrels of high-grade steel were filled and sealed at the Karlsruhe research center. Due to the high tritium inventory of the barrels, storage at the final repository Morsleben is not possible today. The tritium-activity amounts to 2.9E+12 Bq per Barrel. 

In a 60,000 barrels-per-day unit processing a typical mixture of vacuum gas oils, the total catalyst in the unit (the inventory ) is 400 to 500 tons. To maintain activity, about 0.5 to 1 wt% of the inventory is replaced each day. If the feed to the unit contains significant amounts of residue, the replacement rate is higher. The discharged catalyst is cooled and shipped either to a land fill for disposal or to another refiner, which may have a particular use for conditioned FCC catalyst. 

All of these pumps, which have relatively low first costs, actually cost the owner more over time due to the frequency of replacement which may run quarterly to annually. Measurable liquid inventory loss can occur through inaccurate dispensing, and fugitive inventory loss can result from emissions (VOCs) due to the container being open to the atmosphere. Because the above mentioned pumps leave the container open to the air, airborne contaminants can enter and sometimes ruin an entire barrel. 

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