Barotropic effect

Lindroos and Dodge have designed a system which can be operated up to nearly 400 MPa and over the temperature range 300 to 385 K. The essential details of the equilibrium cell are shown in Figure 14. The system these workers investigated was ammonia + nitrogen, which shows the barotropic effect at about 200 MPa and 370 K. Initially ammonia was introduced into the cell as a liquid at its vapour pressure. Nitrogen was then compressed into the cell and... 

If we are dealing with a fluid mixture (instead of a pure substance) at a high pressure, it may be difficult to classify the phase as either liquid or gas. The complexity of classification at high pressure is illustrated by the barotropic effect, observed in some mixtures, in which a small change of temperature or pressure causes what was initially the more dense of two coexisting fluid phases to become the less dense phase. In a gravitational field, the two phases switch positions. 

Effect of Pressure on Micelles. While temperature studies of the phase transitions of bilayers and micelles have been performed for some time now, the utilization of pressure as a variable is a more recent development. Variation in temperature of a colloidal aggregate such as a bilayer causes simultaneous changes in thermal energy and volume, whereas isothermal variation in pressure (up to 50 kbar) yields spectroscopic changes due only to volume effects. A review of high pressure vibrational spectroscopy of phospholipid bilayers has recently appeared (74). in which the surprisingly rich barotropic phase behavior of these compounds is explored in detail. 

The first deep basin downstream of the entrance sills is the Bornholm Basin (Fig. 10.1). This basin has a maximum depth of more than 90 m and is separated from the next downstream basin by the Slupsk Sill (sill depth 60 m). The buffering properties of the Bornholm Basin play an essential part for the effectiveness of MBls in other central basins. The thermohaline conditions in the Bornholm Basin are also considerably important for the evolution of stagnation in the central Baltic deepwater. In general, there is a frequent inflow of lower amounts of highly saline water that penetrates across the sills into the ArkonaBasin during each baroclinic or weak barotropic inflow event. This water is trapped into the... 

Stigebrandt, A., 1976, On the effect of barotropic current fluctuations on the two-layer transport capacity of a constriction. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 7, 118-122. 

The surface circulation of the western basin apparently remains anticyclonic, and the deep circulation cyclonic, under the predominant winds. As far as the relatively fast surface currents are concerned, the transversal spatial scale of today s sea is too small for the Coriollis force to be significant, so that the direct wind drag matters rather than the Ekman transport. On the other hand, the bottom layer circulation seems to immediately follow the sea surface slopes in the classic barotropic manner, so the Coriollis force is still effective for the slower, near-bottom currents. 

Daily forecasts of depth-averaged barotropic circulation have been produced regularly since 1997 (Fig. 9). These simulations ignore the effect of density gradients on circulation, and output variables are restricted to water levels and velocities. Experimental forecasts of 3D baro-clinic circulation have been conducted since late 2000, and are expected to enter an operational stage in 2001. These... 

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