Bark: colored

Color. Many water samples have a yellow to brownish-yeUow color which is caused by natural substances, eg, leaves, bark, humus, and peat material. Turbidity in a sample can make the measurement of color uncertain and is usually removed by centrifiigation prior to analysis. The color is usually measured by comparison of the sample with known concentrations of colored solutions. A platinum—cobalt solution is used as the standard, and the unit of color is that produced by 1 mg/L platinum as chloroplatinate ion. The standard is prepared from potassium chloroplatinate (K PtCl ) and cobalt chloride (C0CI26H2O). The sample may also be compared to suitably caUbrated special glass color disks. 

Zimt, m. cinnamon. — weisser —, canella bark, canella. — chinesischer cassia bark. Zimt-. cinnamic cinnamon. -aldehyd, n. cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, -alko-hol, m. cinnamic alcohol, -blute,/. cinnamon flower, cassia bud. -bliltendl, n. cassia oil. zimtbraun, a. cinnamon-brown. Zimtcarbonsaure, /. carboxycinnamic acid, zimt-farbig, -farben, a. cinnamon-colored. Zimt-kaneel, m. canella bark, canella. -kassia, /. cassia bark, cassia, -kassienbl, n. oil of cassia. 

A crude process of extraction of urushiol from the tree Rhus vernicifera was used by the Chinese during the Chou dynasty of 1122-249 BC, and the process was systematised by the Japanese. The tree is tapped at about the 10th year of cultivation by a lateral sloping incision into the bark during June to September. The sap is white to grayish in color, but on exposure to air turns yellow-brown and then black. The crude sap contains approximately 70% urushiol, 4% gum, 2% albuminous materials, and 24% water. It is stirred and filtered and heated to reduce the moisture level [138] and finally stored in air-tight containers. 

The rubber industry has a long and colorful history. Natural rubber is produced from latex, a milky fluid found in cells that lie between the bark and the wood of many plants. You may have seen latex flow from the broken stalks of milkweed plants, but the source of commercial rubber is the Hevea tree, a native of Brazil. When the bark of this tree is slashed, its milky white sap oozes out and can be collected in cups mounted on the tree s trunk. The people of the Amazon jungle made bouncing balls, shoes, and water Jars out of rubber, and Portuguese explorers sent waterproof boots and a rubber-coated coat back to their king. The first commercial exports included some rubber shoes shipped to Boston in 1823. 

Elder bark, taken from older branches and combined with an iron mordant yields a black color for wool. 

Sulfite pulps have less color than kraft pulps and can be bleached more easily however, they are not as strong. The efficiency and effectiveness of the sulfite process is also dependent on the type of wood furnish and the absence of bark. For these reasons, the use of sulfite pulping has declined in comparison to kraft pulping over time. 

Mastic. Mastic is the resin obtained from the small mastic tree Pistacia lentis-cus, of the sumac family, found chiefly in Mediterranean countries. When the bark of the tree is injured, the resin exudes as drops. Mastic is transparent and pale yellow to green in color. The main ancient uses of mastic were as an adhesive, for making varnish, as a medicine, and for flavoring. 

Only natural dyes were known until the nineteenth century. By trial and error and probably also by chance, humans learned to extract and use a large variety of dyes of vegetable and animal origin. Dyes were extracted from the roots, trunk bark, and branches of trees, the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants, the bodies of insects and mollusks, and the eggs of insects. All the dyes obtained from natural sources are rather impure, and hence the accurate reproducibility of colors was almost impossible during antiquity. Still, many of the dyes and dyeing techniques used in antiquity were highly developed and remained in use until the discovery of the synthetic dyes in the middle of the nineteenth century (Colombo 1995 Robinson 1969). 

Barberry root is a yellow-red dye that has been used since prehistoric times it is extracted with hot water from the stems, bark, and roots of Berberis vulgaris, a bush that grows indigenously in Europe as well as in North America. The coloring matter in the dye is the organic compound berberine. Silk and wool can be dyed directly with barberry root, yielding a yellow color however, for dyeing cotton, a mordant is required to attach the dye to the substrate fibers. 

The predominant form of smokeless tobacco in Uzbekistan is nasway, which is a mixture of dried tobacco leaves, slaked lime, ash from tree bark, and flavoring and coloring agents water is added and the mixture is rolled into balls. In 2002,41% of Uzbek men said they used cigarettes and 38% said they had used nasway less than 1% of the women used nasway. 

Composted bark products make an attractive, dark-colored mulch. Use on perennial beds only. 

The main criteria to consider when planting a tree are its suitability for the soil conditions and climate, and its ultimate size. In a small yard in particular, it is also important that the tree rewards you with the maximum interest all year. Attractive bark, unusual leaf coloration or markings, fall color, flowers, and fruits (see overleaf) are all options. The proposed location of the tree will also have a bearing on your choice. 

Symptoms Tree bark shrinks and cracks, often in concentric rings with the central piece of bark falling away. Deep lesions develop on the branches. Swelling can occur around the canker, and young twigs may die back. Cream-colored pustules may be seen in summer red spots are more common in fall. Papery bark can result Canker can ring an entire stem. Fruit skins crack fruits dry and can remain, mummified, on the tree. 

A very polar compound with a yellow color was isolated from the aqueous fraction of the root bark extract of Schumanniophyton magnificum (13). Its spectral features were very similar to those of schumanniophytine (18). The UV spectram showed a peak at 355 nm, and the H-NMR spectrum was almost identical apart from a 3H singlet at 8 4.3. This signal is the same as seen for the quaternary methyl in trigonelline (35). Since the molecular ion at m/z 310 was 15 higher than that given for 18, it was decided that the compound in question was the A-methyl derivative. This view was confirmed by the formation of 31 from 18 by methyl iodide methylation. 

I can see the (dog barks) oranges and yellows and colors. Strange. Like giant fruit. 

---