Banknotes

In Britain and America the most common form of cocaine is as a white crystalline powder. Most users sniff it up the nose, often through a rolled banknote or straw, but it can also be made into a solution and injected. Crack is a smokable form of cocaine made into small lumps or rocks . It is usually smoked but can also be prepared for injection. Because it is such a fast-acting drug and the powerful effects wear off quickly, repeated use is common, and since cocaine is a relatively expensive drug it has become closely associated with a rich lifestyle. 

To master one scientific topic after another, Haber skipped dinners and studied until 2 a.m. With overflowing enthusiasm, he ignored the conventional boundaries between abstract and practical science between chemistry, physics, and engineering and between mechanics, technicians, and scientists. He solved industrial problems posed by the iron plates used to print banknotes and by Karlsruhe s corroded water and gas mains, and then made fundamental discoveries in electrochemistry. Conversely, he used the abstract theory of gas reactions in flames to explain to manufacturers why some reactions continue spontaneously while others stop. Soon he had contributed basic scientific insights to almost every area of physical chemistry. 

Security Features of the Lats Banknotes. Latvijas Banka,... 

Security Features of the Lats Banknotes. Latvijas Banka, http //www.bank.lv/naudas/English/index security.html... 

With the introduction of the Euro in 2002, this subject is very topical and should therefore be particularly mentioned within the context of security printing. For security reasons, banknotes may only be printed by so-called " government printers" and state-licensed printers. 

Printing inks made of P.B.60 are used to print banknotes. 

In 2000, most European countries switched from their traditional currencies to the euro. Lanthanide luminescence is used as a means of preventing counterfeit euro banknotes from passing into the money chain. Excitation of euro banknotes with ultraviolet light results in fluorescence in the red, green and blue regions due to complexes of europium (Eu3+), terbium (Tb3+) and thulium (Tm3+), respectively, that are present in the banknotes. 

Study of chemistry. Development of printing technology of banknotes by the Cooperation of T. Antisell Study of chemistry Study of organic chemistry One of the founders of the Society of Industrial Chemistry of Great Britain. 

A hot star at the centre is surrounded by a bright shell of gas that has detached itself from the central star. The gas shines by fluorescence. It absorbs ultraviolet light from the small, hot central star (white dwarf) and re-emits it in the form of visible light. The big banknotes (LTV photons) are exchanged for smaller... 

When the Revolution began, Lavoisier was still a director of the Saltpeter and Gunpowder Administration and also a director of the Discount Bank, the bank that had propped up the government by repeatedly making large loans to the Royal Treasury. After the Revolution, the bank continued to operate and provided currency by issuing banknotes and continued to lend the government money. On... 

To what indeed When money is denounced as the root of all evil, we should properly understand it not as banknotes but as bright, treacherous gold. During the Renaissance, people idealized classical times as a Golden Age but the Roman writer Propertius had no illusions about what that really meant, for with gold all doors are opened, and truth, honesty, and freedom can be overawed if the payment is large enough ... 

In India, the monetary unit is the rupee. You find banknotes of 5, 10, 20,50, and 100 rupees. There are also 1-rupee, 2-rupee, and 5-rupee coins. The smaller coins in India are paise. One rupee is equal to 100 paise. The coins that are multiples of the paise are 10-paise coins, 20-paise coins, 25-paise coins, and 50-paise coins. 

In spite of the high cost of secondary ion mass spectrometers and the technical expertise required, this sensitive microlocal and surface analytical technique can be applied successfully in forensic studies, e.g., for measurement of trace elements and inks on counterfeit banknotes.18... 

Disadvantages associated with sulphur dioxide are that some tasters can detect it as an unpleasant banknote or taint and it has a tendency to provoke allergic reactions in some individuals. Asthma sufferers tend to be affected by gaseous sulphur dioxide, small traces of which can promote an asthmatic attack. There is a risk with foods containing sulphites of gas liberation upon swallowing. 

Suppose that a claimed invention defined a copying machine with features resulting in an improved precision of reproduction and suppose further that an embodiment of this apparatus could comprise further features (not claimed but apparent to the skilled person) the only purpose of which would be that it should also allow reproduction of security strips in banknotes strikingly similar to those in genuine banknotes. In such a case, the claimed apparatus would cover an embodiment for producing counterfeit money which could be considered to fall under Article 53(a) EPC. There is, however, no reason to consider the copying machine as claimed to be excluded since its improved properties could be used for many acceptable purposes . 

There are a large number of mediods for supervised pattern recognition, mostly aimed at classification. Multivariate statisticians have developed many discriminant functions, some of direct relevance to chemists. A classical application is the detection of forgery of banknotes. Can physical measurements such as width and height of a series of banknotes be used to identify forgeries Often one measurement is not enough, so several parameters are required before an adequate mathematical model is available. 

The proposed applications include the identification of banknote paper, security paper, bank cards, art objects, or even bar codes. The marks can be invisible or hidden. Related patents are mentioned to describe the state of the art, one of which also uses radical-ion organic conductors [73]. 

For Hegel, truth is historical. If it is historical then it is flexible, shape-shifting and index-linked to developments across time.42 Truth is like the note that has worked free of its metallic equal, invading the realm of the symbolic. Hegel s emphasis shifts to the concept of illusory being or semblance, in German, Schein, which is also the word for banknote. Regimes fix values in coin and note, but the promise of eternal security is undermined by inflation, devaluation and speculation. Its material form - its natural aspects - also continue to assert themselves in wear and tear. 

Such types of effect pigments can be used for several applications and are on the market as so-called optically variable pigments (OVP). They have found broad application, especially in preventing counterfeiting of important documents such as banknotes, stock certificates, visas, passports, or car licenses. When incorporated into security inks and printed on bank notes and other documents of value, the pigments... 

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