Fir, balsam

Aspen-birch 5 -20 60%, diluted by birch, a pinene source balsam fir and balsam poplar... 

Balsam-kraut, n. costmary moschatel. -pappel, /. balsam poplar, tacamahac. -taone, /. balsam fir (Abies balsamea) spruce (esp. Norway spruce, Picea abies). 

Canadian fir needle oil (balsam fir oil) is produced in Canada and in several northern states of the United States from needles and twigs of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. It is an almost colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pleasant balsamic odor. 

Phenological Synchronization. Induced delays in budbreak in balsam fir reduce feeding by the spruce budworm, and defoliation and desquaring in cotton depress overwintering success of several major cotton pests. Table IV presents a summary of the work on these two systems. 

When abscisic acid is applied to balsam fir, the break of buds in the spring is delayed and the emerging spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, larvae are forced to feed on old needles, which are a less desirable food. Attempts have been made, rather unsuccessfully, under natural forest situations, to manipulate budbreak with growth retardants for the control of the spruce budworm. However, this system seems to operate under controlled greenhouse conditions, and with some adjustments, it may have potential for practical applications in the field (32). 

Juvebione, a product of the balsam fir with juvenile hormone activity... 

Canada balsam is one of the oleoresms. It is obtained from the bark of Abies bciisamea, the common balsam fir of northern North America. Canada balsam, because its refractive index is so near that of glass, is much used in optical work and m preparing materials for examination with a microscope. 

Canada Balsam. A yel, turpentine-like liquid from incisions in the bark of balsam fir, Abies balsam-... 

Morgan, R.H. and M.L. McCormack Jr. (1973). Simazine enhances balsam fir growth but contributes to deer damage. Tree Planters Notes., 24(4) 11-13. 

Townsend, P. (1995b). The effect of cultural treatments on the growth and quality of a balsam fir Christmas tree plantation. Forest Research Report No. 59. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, 27 pp. 

Lovett, G.M. (1984) Rates and mechanisms of cloud water deposition to a sub-alpine balsam fir forest. Atmospheric Environment, 18, 361-77. 

Snowden, P. Andrews, W. Sufley, G., "Spray Deposit Distribution within Balsam Fir Crown", Report P-77-6, USDA Forest Service, NA Area, S PF, Upper Darby, PA., 1977. 

Figure 2. Droplet deposits found on upwind balsam fir needles 100, 200, 400 and 600 meters from spray line under various atmospheric stability conditions.

Figure 4. Fenitrothion concentration in balsam fir needles as determined by gas chromatography. Average of upwind and downwind concentrations at each distance.

Another report came from Canada in 1959 when Bender published research results of utilizing eastern Canadian barks as furnish for wet-process insulation board and hardboard (33). Bark species included in the study were black spruce and balsam fir each contained 25-35% wood. A Sprout-Waldron disk refiner was used to prepare the bark fiber, and boards were made with lh% wax emulsion but contained no added binder. Physical tests indicated the boards met some commercial specifications the author believed that addition of more woody fiber would improve the properties. In addition, a few experimental dry-process particleboards were made with addition of some unnamed binder that was a byproduct material. 

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