Ballistic characteristics

Typical crystalline materials used as oxidizers are perchlorates, nitrates, nitro compounds, nitramines, and metal azides. The polymeric materials used as fuel components are divided into nitrate esters, inert polymers, and azide polymers. Optimized combinations of these oxidizer and fuel components yield the desired ballistic characteristics of propellants or explosives. 

Ayers, K.M. and Stahl, C.J. Ballistic characteristics and wounding effects of a tear gas pen gun loaded with o-chlorobenzalmalononitrlle. J. Forensic Sci. 17 292-297, 1972. 

Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS).. In this type of projectile, a carbide core, either capped or uncapped, is placed inside a steel or light-alloy sheath (fitted with a tracer) to give good exterior ballistic characteristics, and this subcaliber assembly is placed inside a full-caliber carrier. This carrier (sabot) is so designed that it will impart velocity and spin to the subcaliber projectile. 

The filled chamber is placed in an oven where the temperature is gradually raised at a given rate to a definite temperature (sometimes up to 150°C). At this temperature it is held for a determined time, the oven is then cooled to ambient temperature and the chamber removed from the oven (Fig. 114). Curing rate and curing time must be carefully controlled to obtain the desired physical and ballistic characteristics. After curing is complete, the cores are removed and excess propellant cut away. The grain is now ready for final inspection. 

To obtain ballistite with a more progressive rate of burning, attempts were made to produce laminated flakes, with the two outer layers made of attenuated ballistite and an inner one, sandwiched between, made of ordinary ballistite. In the attenuated ballistite DNT was substituted for part of the nitroglycerine. However a powder of this type retained its ballistic characteristics for only a few months, since, due to diffusion, the composition of all three layers gradually became equal. 

B found that although Mendeleev s proplnt was satisfactory for use in cannons, better ballistic characteristics could be obtained with NC of slightly higher N content, such as ca 12.6% N.He prepd ca 1895 the proplnt by colloiding NC of N 12.6% with eth-alc and called it "Pyrocellulose Powder . It was also called "Pyrocollodion or Pyro Powder, but now the word "powder is replaced by "propellant . This proplnt was... 

In above proplnts DNT acts as a gelatinizing waterproofing agent and, being a weak expl, it contributes to ballistic characteristics. It has also a slight flash-reducing action... 

The formation of one or more cavities(air spaces or voids) in cast-loaded solid, expl or proplnt c hges is called cavitation (See under Loading of Ammunition). A cavity in a HE chge of a shell may cause premature expln in the gun because of collapse of the chge under the force of acceleration. A cavity in a propint chge may affect its ballistic characteristics(Ref 1). Cavities in loaded ammo may be discovered by x-ray devices such as Betatron(qv)... 

Delivery Error. The dispersion of burst paints around a desired point due to the ballistic characteristics of an atomic projectile, atmospheric conditions and other factors Ref Glossary of Ord (1959), 91 ... 

Organic crystalline chemicals such as nitroguanidine to moderate the ballistic characteristics. 

K. Sperry, and E. S. Sweeney, Terminal Ballistic Characteristics of Hydra-Shok Ammunition A Description of Three Cases, Journal of Forensic Sciences 33, no. 1 (January 1988) 42. 

The possible forms of LOVA powders correspond to those of traditional - Gunpowder and are adapted according to the desired ballistic characteristics. 

Ayers KM and Stahl CJ (1972). Ballistic characteristics of wounding effects of tear gas gun loaded with ortho-chlorobenzalmalononitrile. J Forens Sci, 17, 292-297. 

Behind-body-armor standards use the depth of the cavity created in clay after a bullet is stopped by the vest. The roots of this approach involve military research. However, the clay may not adequately simulate the human viscoelastic properties and biomechanical responses. Recent research has defined the blunt ballistic characteristics of the chest and the mechanisms for ventricular fibrillation [Bir and Viano, 1999 Bir et al, 2004]. 

The ballistic characteristics are enhanced by more layers molded together. This has a draw back because there is a limit as to how many layers can ultimately bond together. Above six layers the laminates have air bubbles and they... 

The effect of the number of layers of laminated oriented PE film Tyvek for use in the development of light weight armor and the device for testing its ballistic characteristics were evaluated. The study shows that increasing the number of layers has a significant effect on the depth of penetration. Also how the layers are placed in relation to each other that is biaxial or parallel has an effect on the penetration and tensile properties of the laminate. Biaxial placement improves the tensile properties of the laminate in all directions. 

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