Ball inlets

H. 0rsnes, T. Graf, H. Degn, and K. K. Murray, A rotating ball inlet for on-line MALDI mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 251-254. 

Figure 10.4 Schematic representation of a rotating ball inlet A, stainless steel ball B, drive shaft C, gasket D, ISO-100 flange E, ion extraction grid F, matrix syringe pump G, cleaning solvent pump H, microfluidic chip I, separation channel J, reservoirs K, cleaning system L, waste solvent drain.

Figure 10.5 Photograph of the rotating ball inlet and PMMA microfluidic chip in operation.

As an alternative technology, PMMA CE chips fabricated by hot embossing were machined with a triangular tip at the CE channel terminus, to enable MALDI-MS detection by direct contact deposition of the CE effluent onto a rotating ball inlet mass spectrometer (Figure 53.12). The rotating ball acted as a cathode transfer electrode of the sample into the vacuum of the MALDI mass spectrometer, and matrix addition was accomplished in-line, on the surface of the ball. This interface was demonstrated for the CE separation and low fmol MALDI-MS detection of tryptic peptides from 10 nL sample injection volumes. 

Musiyimi, H.K., Guy, J., Narcisse, D.A., Soper, S.A., Murray, K.K., Direct couphng of polymer-based microchip electrophoresis to on-line MALDI-MS using a rotating ball inlet. Electrophoresis, 26, 4703 710, 2005. 

Multi-Port This term refers to any vaWc or manifold of s ah es with more than one inlet or outlet. For throttling control, the three-way body is used for blending (two inlets, one outlet) or as a dh ertor (one inlet, two outlets), A three-way S ah e is most commonly a special globelike body with special trim that allows flow both o cr and under the plug. Two rotaiw s ah es and a pipe tee can also be used. Special three-, four-, and fh e-way ball- ah e designs are used for switching applications. 

The axial flow compressors in aero gas turbines are heavily loaded. The aspecl ratio of the blades, especially the first few stages, can be as high as 4.0, and the effecl of streamhne curvature is substantial. The streamline configuration is a function of the annular passage area, the camber and thickness distribution of the blade, and the flow angles at the inlet and outlet of the blades. The shafts on these units are supported on antifriction bearings (roller or ball bearings). 

Efficient models of water heaters have thicker insulation, up to three inches thick, on some of the most efficient electric water heaters. Another means to increase efficiency is installing heat traps, or anti—convection devices, on the inlet and outlet pipes. Standard heat traps consist of short pipe nipple containing a small plastic ball. On the inlet side the ball is lighter than water and floats up to seal the inlet pipe. On the outlet side the ball is heavier than water and sinks against the seal. This prevents the heated... 

A suspension of sodium amide (1.10 moles) in liquid ammonia is prepared in a 1-1. three-necked flask equipped with an air condenser (Note 1), a ball-sealed mechanical stirrer, and a glass stopper. In the preparation of this reagent commercial anhydrous liquid ammonia (800 ml.) is introduced from a cylinder through an inlet tube. To the stirred ammonia is added a small piece of sodium. After the appearance of a blue color a few... 

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the LC/MS connection. 1, Ion source 2, stainless-steel tube 3, ball valve 4, high vacuum seal 5, LC column 6, GC inlet 7, window. Modified from ref. 3.

A suspension of potassium amide (0.23 mole) in liquid ammonia is prepared in a 1-1. three-necked flask equipped with an air condenser (without drying tube), a ball-sealed mechanical stirrer, and a dropping funnel. Commercial anhydrous liquid ammonia (500 ml.) is introduced into the flask from a cylinder through an inlet tube. To the stirred ammonia is added a small piece of potassium metal. After the appearance of a blue color, a few crystals (about 0.25 g.) of ferric nitrate hydrate are added, followed by small pieces of potassium (Note 1) until 9.0 g. (0.39 g.-atom) has been added. After all the potassium has been converted to the amide (Note 2), 44.6 g. (0.23 mole) of diphenyl-acetonitrile (Note 3) is added and the resulting greenish-brown solution is stirred for 5 minutes. To this is added, over 10 minutes, 30.5 g. (0.24 mole) of benzyl chloride (Note 4) in 100 ml. of anhydrous ether. The orange solution is stirred for 1 hour, and the ammonia is then evaporated on a steam bath as 300 ml. of anhydrous ether is being added. To the ether solution is added 300 ml. of water, whereupon the crude nitrile precipitates. riie ether is then removed by distillation and the crude... 

A, Inlet b, Outlet c, Ball d, Stem e Disk-spring package g, Magnetic lifting h, Stem with cone i, Intermediate stem k, Spring L, Venting. 

Reforming in the CRG process occurs adiabatically at 450-550 C at pressures up to about 600 psig (41 atmospheres). The reactor is a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel containing a bed of the special high-nickel catalyst which is supported on a grid or on inert ceramic halls. The gas flow is downwards through the bed and distributors are provided at inlet and outlet. A layer of ceramic balls on top of the bed prevents disturbance of the catalyst by the entering gas. 

The mercury bubbler C acts as a safety vent and controls the pressure in the apparatus. A ball valve near the top of the inlet tube prevents the mercury being sucked into flask B in the event of the automatic control valve D becoming blocked. 

The experimental test and model comparison have been carried out without bleed and hot bypass, but with a cold bypass valve opening of 40%. The use of the cold-air bypass valve (FV-170) allows compressor discharge to be directed into the turbine inlet, bypassing the heat exchangers, air plenum and fuel cell simulator. FV-170 is a nominal 15.4 cm ID Fisher-Rosemont V-150 Vee-Ball control valve with a full range slew rate of 1.5 seconds. 

The first step in the wetted path in the HPLC is the solvent reservoir holding freshly filtered (and possibly degassed or deoxygenated) solvent. Most systems use a porous fritted stone (5-30-/an filter) as a solvent line sinker. The tubing to the solvent inlet is wide-diameter Teflon . In the solvent inlet line we may have another frit and a sapphire ball/stainless steel check valve. The wetted surfaces in the pumping chamber are all stainless steel except for the plunger... 

Check Valve—Mechanism in the pump head inlet and outlet to ensure oneway solvent flow usually a sapphire ball in a stainless steel cone. Major point of buffer precipitation and pump pressure loss. 

---