Flow angles

The axial flow compressors in aero gas turbines are heavily loaded. The aspecl ratio of the blades, especially the first few stages, can be as high as 4.0, and the effecl of streamhne curvature is substantial. The streamline configuration is a function of the annular passage area, the camber and thickness distribution of the blade, and the flow angles at the inlet and outlet of the blades. The shafts on these units are supported on antifriction bearings (roller or ball bearings). 

Flowability Very free-flowing—angle of repose up to 30 1... 

When Cj is redueed by 50%, the veloeity diagram is now represented by Figure 8-1 lb and, as the relative flow angle, B, ehanges, the point of impaet would ehange and blade life may be extended. It stands to reason that a reduetion in gas mass flow and/or gas inlet temperature is benefieial whenever an exeessive eoneentration of larger partieles is notieed. 

Recirculating loss. This loss occurs because of backflow into the impeller exit of a compressor and is a direct function of the air exit angle. As the flow through the compressor decreases, there is an increase in the absolute flow angle at the exit of the impeller as seen in Figure 6-34. Part of the fluid is recirculated from the diffuser to the impeller, and its energy is returned to the impeller. 

Increase In absolute flow angle at exit with reduced flow... 

Vaneless diffuser ioss. This loss is experienced in the vaneless diffuser and results from friction and the absolute flow angle. 

Separate from the surface and take up a flow angle approximately equal to the angle between the upstream face of the obstruction and the surface ... 

Contained flow angle of air column = 12°-20 Typical design flow angle = 15°... 

FIGURE 9.24 The device consisting of a Brownian ratchet array for DNA separation. The flow angle, 0IMl, is 10.8° with respect to the vertical array axis. //, L, and L were 6, 8, and 10 pm, respectively. The obstacles were 5.6 pm long, 1.4 pm wide, and 3.2 pm tall [686]. Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

Flow Angle of repose tester Shear cell tester Flow time... 

It should be noted that the above analysis requires knowledge of the actual flow angle 6 of the test fluid that may not be the same as the one in the physical geometry. 

The effective gas and liquid rates, Ug eff and U eff, take into account the flow angles, void fractions, and film thicknesses that derive from gross flow rates and packing geometry. The equivalent diameter is taken as the width of a corrugation. 

Once the outlet is sized, the hopper wall sloped should be designed to be equal to or steeper than the recommended hopper angle for the given outlet size and selected wall surface. For a conical hopper, the walls should be equal to or steeper than the recommended mass flow angle for a conical hopper ( c ... 

Specific packing surface Crimp height Channel base Channel side Void fraction Channel flow angle... 

For an arbitrary flow angle, the preceding trapping number can be rewritten as... 

Equation 7.119 seems to be consistent with the flow in real life. The explanation may be extended to the difference between Eq. 7.103 and Eq. 7.118 at an arbitrary flow angle. Equation 7.118 appears to model the two-dimensional flow in a homogeneous and isotropic porous media. The trapping numbers for two-dimensional and three-dimensional heterogeneous, anisotropic porous media were also derived in Jin (1995). 

The tests on prisms were carried out at various flow angles at Reynolds numbers up to 5.6 x 10, In contrast, real buildings would have Reynolds numbers greater than 10. The highest local heat transfer (and by analogy, mass transfer) occured at the rear corners. The average heat transfer was given by ... 

Flow-angle packing pressure volumetric shrinkage... 

---