Bacterial vaccines single component

The single-component bacterial vaccines are listed in Table 15.1. For each vaccine, notes are provided of the basic material fkm which the vaccine is made, the salient production processes and tests for potency and for safety. The multicomponent vaccines that are made by blending together two or more of the single component vaccines are required to meet the potency and safety requirements for each of the single components that they contain. The best known of the combined bacterial vaccines is the adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTPerWac/Ads) that is used to immunize infants, and the adsorbed diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (DTWac/Ads) that is used to reinforce the immunity of school entrants. 

The single-component viral vaccines are listed in Table 15.2 with notes similar to those provided with the bacterial vaccines. The only eombined viral vaeeine that is widely used is the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR Vac). In a sense, however, both the inactivated (Salk) poliovaccine (PoWac (inactivated)) and the live (Sabin) poliovaccine (PolWac (oral)) are combined vaccines in that they are both mixtures of vims of each of the three serotypes of poliovims. Influenza vaeeines, too, are eombined vaccines in that many contain components fiom as many as three vims strains, usually fiom two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B. 

Future cultivation methods will resemble existing methods of microbial and virus culture. Ill-defined medium components and cells will be replaced to enhance reproducibflity in production. For bacterial and ex vivo cultivated virus, analytical advances will make monitoring the environment and nutritional status of the culture more ubiquitous. However, the major changes will be in novel product types — single-molecule subunit antigens, viras-hke particles, monoclonal antibodies, and gene-therapy vaccines, each of which will incorporate novel processes. 

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