Bacterial enzymes, degradation matrix

Matrix and Hydrogels Susceptible to Degradation by Bacterial Enzymes... 

The metalloproteases constitute the final major class of peptide-cleaving enzymes. The active site of such a protein contains a bound metal ion, almost always zinc, that activates a water molecule to act as a nucleophile to attack the peptide carbonyl group. The bacterial enzyme thermolysin and the digestive enzyme carboxypeptidase A are classic examples of the zinc proteases. Thermolysin, but not carboxypeptidase A, is a member of a large and diverse family of homologous zinc proteases that includes the matrix metalloproteases, enzymes that catalyze the reactions in tissue remodeling and degradation. 

Matrix and hydrogels susceptible to degradation by bacterial enzymes... 

Enzymatic assays can be applied in the marine environment to provide indirect information on dissolved compounds that are available to fuel bacterial production. Approaches that have been commonly appHed include measuring hydrolytic enzyme activities in seawater and monitoring degradation rates of model compounds. Protein hydrolysis in seawater is rapid as expressed by model protein studies (e.g., Nunn et al., 2003 Pantoja and Lee, 1999). This rapid and selective removal of dissolved proteins explains the relatively minor contribution from proteins to the accumulating DOM reservoir even though proteins are by far the most abundant intracellular biochemical. In an elegant study, Nunn and coworkers (2003) used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOP) mass... 

Mitochondria are football-shaped organelles that are roughly the size of a bacterial cell. They are surrounded by an outer mitochondrial membrane and an inner mitochondrial membrane (Figure 22.1). The space between the two membranes is the intermembrane space, and the space inside of the inner membrane is the matrix space. The enzymes of the citric acid cycle, of the (3-oxidation pathway for the breakdown of fatty acids, and for the degradation of amino acids are all found in the mitochondrial matrix space. 

Hyaluronidase is involved in bacterial and fungal infections because of virulence factors evoked by tissue degradation and mediates host-pathogen interactions [47]. Since hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix involved in joint lubrication, a sensitive hyaluronidase assay is important. Current hyaluronidase assays rely on turbidimetric techniques that require high levels of the enz3Tne and are relatively inaccurate [47]. HA was previously shown to bind cyanines [48,49[. The detection scheme designed for CMA, CMC, and amylase enzyme described earlier was also applicable to HA and hyaluronidase activity [19]. Scaffold Destruction ... 

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