Bacteria ultrastructure

Transgenic E. coli accumulate comparatively low levels of carotenoids " compared to microbial algae, yeasts, and bacteria. Many efforts ° have focused on increasing accumulation by manipulation of factors affecting metabolic flux and metabolite accnmnlation (listed and discnssed in Sections 5.3.1.1 and 5.3.1.3 A) and have been reviewed." - " In bacterial systems, approaches to control can be categorized as either infrastructural (plasmids, enzymes, strains) or ultrastructural (media and feeding, enviromnent, precursor pools, substrate flux). 

Moriarty, D.J.W. and Hayward, A.C., 1982. Ultrastructure of bacteria and the proportion of gram-negative bacteria in marine sediments. Microb. Ecol., 8 1-14. 

Benhamou, N., Kloepper, J.W., Quadt-Hallman, A., Tuzun, S. Induction of defence-related ultrastructural modifications in pea root tissues inoculated with endophytic bacteria. Plant Physiol 1996 112 919-929. 

Hand SC. Trophosome ultrastructure and the characterization of isolated bacteriocytes from invertebrate-sulfur bacteria sym-bioses. Biol. Bull. 1987 173 260-276. 

Utilization of phosphate monoesters by microalgae and bacteria is effected by phosphomonoesterases (phosphatases) of broad specificity present at the cell surface. Hydrolytic release of PO4- from sugar phosphates, nucleotide phosphates, phospholipids, and phenyl phosphates, to name a few, enables a wide variety of phosphorus containing compounds to be utilized as phosphorus sources for growth of microbes. Ultrastructural observations and results from biochemical experiments indicate that extracellular phosphatases cleave the phosphate moiety from dissolved organic phosphorus compounds, which is then internalized, leaving the carbon skeleton outside the cell (Kuenzler and Perras, 1965 Doonan and Jensen, 1977). 

Ultrastructural Analysis of Bacteria-Host Cell Interactions... 

For the extraction of ultrastructural information (in particular with bacteria, algae, and 3D networks... 

Ultrastructural TEM characterization of ultrathin resin sections is recommended to reveal, e.g., tiny mineral deposits on bacterial cells, which would be obscured by the thickness-related opacity of bacteria prepared as whole mounts. Likewise, complex large-scale networks of fibrillar exopolymers shall retain their subtle conformation when embedded in the appropriate resin the reconstruction of their 3D architecture is theoretically achievable by imaging of successive sections, but this requires tedious and extensive image analysis work. 

Singh, A. P., Nilsson, T. and Daniel, G., 1987. Ultrastructure of the attack of the wood of two high lignin tropical hardwood species, Alstonia scholaris and Homalium faetidum, by tuimelling bacteria, J. Inst. Wood. Sci. 11(1), 26-43. 

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