Bacillus circulans Cyclodextrins

Hofmann, B.E., Bender, H., Schulz, G.E. Three-dimensional structure of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans at 3.4 A resolution. /. Mol. Biol. 209 793-800, 1989. 

Vassileva, A., Burhan, N., Beschkov, V. et al.. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase production by free and agar gel immobilized cells of Bacillus circulans ATCC 21783, Process Biochem., 38 (2003) 1585-1591. 

CGTases (EC 2.4.1.19) are bacterial enzymes that facilitate the biosynthesis of cyclodextrins from starch through intramolecular transglucosylation. The primary structures of most of these enzymes have been published, and the three-dimensional structure of Bacillus circulans CGTase has been established. Studies of transglucosylation molecular mechanism have indicated that amino acids such as histidine and tryptophan are implicated in such mechanisms. Nitration of CGTase with TNM induces a loss of enzyme activity, a decrease in enzyme affinity towards the (i-CD copolymer, and a loss of tryptophan fluorescence (Villette etal. 1993). 

Cyclodextrins (cyclic hexa-, hepta-, octa-glucoses) from amylose (starch) Bacillus circulans, macerans... 

Cyclodextrin glycosyllransferases [EC 2.4.1.19] share family 13 with alpha-amylases, although the latter are formally classed as hydrolases [EC 3.2.1.1], The CGTases utilize starch, maltodextrins, and a-maltosyl fluoride to synthesize cyclic compounds of six, seven, or eight a-(l -a 4)-linked glu-copyranose units as well as related noncyclic dextrins. The Bacillus circulans strain 251 enzyme complexed with acarbose shows an active-site structure... 

Rosenfeld H, Feigelson P (1969) Synergistic and product induction of the enzymes of tryptophan metabolism in Pseudomonas acidovorans. J Bacteriol 97(2) 697-704 Rosso A, Ferrarotti S, Miranda MV et al. (2005) Rapid affinity purification processes for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. Biotechnol Lett 27(16) 171-1175 Rowan AD, Butte DJ, Barrett AJ (1990) The cysteine proteinases of the pineapple plant. Biochem J 266 869-875... 

Rimphanitchayakit, V and Y Sakano (2005). Construction of chimeric cyclodextrin glucanotransferases from Bacillus circulans All and PaenibaciUus macerans 1AM1243 and analysis of their product specificity. Carbohydrate Research, 340( 14), 2279-2289. 

Rosso, A, S Ferrarotti, MV Miranda, N Krymkiewicz, BC Nudel and O Cascone (2005). Rapid affinity purification processes for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. Biotechnology Letter, 27,1171-1175. 

The cyclodextrin glucosyi transferase enzyme (CGT-ase) is produced by a large number of microorganisms, like Bacillus macerans. Klebsiella oxytoca. Bacillus circulans. Alkalophylic hacilliis No. 38-2. etc. Genetic engineering provided more active enzymes, and probably, in the future, these enzymes will be used for industrial CD production. ... 

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring homochiral macrocycles composed of a-l,4-linked o-glucopyranose in the Ci conformation, and as a class constitute one of the most widely used molecular components in supramolecular chemistry. The CDs were first reported by Villiers in 1891 and were produced from starch by the action of CD transferases produced by bacteria exemplified by Bacillus macerans and Bacillus circulans. Genetically engineered CD transferases of higher activity are now widely used in industrial CD production which amounts to thousands of tonnes annnally. The smallest of these native CDs are a-, fi-, and y-CD, which consist of 6, 7, and 8 a-l,4-linked o-glncopyranose units, respectively, and are the most... 

Lawson, C. L., van Montfort, R., Strpkoptov, B., Rozeboom, H. J., Kalk, K. H., de Vries, G., Penninga, D., Dijkhnizen, L., Dijkstra, B. W. Nucleotide sequence and X-ray structure of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 in a maltose-dependent crystal form. Journal of Molecular Biology 1994,236, 590-600. 

Rosso, A. M., Ferrarotti, S. A., Krymkiewicz, N., Nudel, B. C. Optimization of batch culture conditions for cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase production from Bacillus circulans DF 9F. Microbial Cell factories 2002,1,3. 

Cyclodoxtrins (cycloamyloses, cycloglucans after their discoverer also Schardinger dextrins). Cyclic dextrins are formed on degradation of starch by Bacillus macerans or B. circulans under the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. The C. consist of 6,7,... 

An acid cyclodextrin D-glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. exhibits a specificity similar to those of the transferases from B. circulans and B. macerans, although different proportions of cyclohexa-, cyclohepta-, and cyclo-octa-amyloses are formed. The cyclodextrin D-glucanotransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. has been used, either alone or in combination with pullul-anase, to produce cyclohepta-amylose. A succinylated derivative of this cyclodextrin D-glucanotransferase has been immobilized, with retention of activity, by adsorption onto a vinylpyridine polymer. 

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