Bacillus brevis strain

A third naturally occurring hydantoin, L-5-carboxyethylhydantoin, was first isolated by Brown and Kies127 from the urine of rats, monkeys and humans after being fed 14C-histidine, and it was postulated to be a by-product in the histidine degradation pathway shown in Fig. 12.4-6. Akamatsu1231 proved, by induction experiments, that the i-carboxyethylhydantoinase from a Bacillus brevis strain, also described by... 

CASRN 50471-44-8 molecular formula C12H9CI2NO3 FW 286.11 Biological Golovleva et al. (1991) studied the aerobic biodegradation of vinclozolin in the laboratory and under field conditions using enrichment cultures. Four of the 36 microbial strains isolated were the most active. These were Bacillus cereus 625/1, Bacillus brevis 625/2, Pseudomonas Huorescens 10/3, and 8/28. Under aerobic conditions. Bacillus cereus 625/1 and Pseudomonas Huorescens 8/28 utilized 87-90% vinclozolin as the sole carbon and energy source. Degradation products identified were 2((((3,5-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)2-methyl)-3-bute-... 

Gramicidin S is a mixture of cyclic peptides obtained from another strain of Bacillus brevis. Its main component is gramicidin St (Figure 7.20), a symmetrical... 

Often, cells of a single microbial strain can synthesize more than one member of a chemical family. The final yields of the various members can be shifted by appropriate precursor pressure. The absence or presence of certain growth factors may accomplish this. In the absence of either exogenous phenylalanine or tryptophan, the ratio of tyrocidines A B C synthesized by Bacillus brevis is 1 3 7. If either L- or D-phenylalanine is provided, the main component formed is tyrocidine A. If L- or D-tryptophan is furnished, component D predominates when both phenylalanine and tryptophan are supplied, each of the four components is synthesized. I ... 

In 1939 Dubos reported the isolation of the antibiotic tyrothricin from culture filtrates of strains of Bacillus brevis > < He and his co-workers soon succeeded in separating tyrothricin with organic solvents into two crystalline compounds, the neutral gramicidin and the basic tyrocidine (formerly called graminic acid and gramidinic acid). Tyrothricin is thus a term for the partially purified antibiotic obtained from the culture fluids of Bacillus brevis. It contains on the average a mixture of 20 per cent gramicidin and 80 per cent tyrocidine. Besides these, at least three further polypeptides have been found by countercurrent distribution of tyrothricin. 

Nozaki S, Muramatsu 1. Natural homologs of gramicidin S. J Antibiot 1987 37 689-690. Thibault P. Faubert D, Kaiunanirhy S, Boyd RK. Holmes CFB. Isolation, mass spectromctric characterization, and protein phosphatase inhibition properties of cyclic peptide analogs ol gramicidin S from Bacillus brevis (Nagano strain). Biol Mass Spectiom 1992 21 367—379. 

These substances, produced by strains of Bacillus brevis, are examples of the simplest type of polypeptide antibiotic. They consist of 10 amino acid residues linked head-to-tail in an endless chain. 

As IR analysis provides information on the bulk composition, the correlation with XPS data may be explained by the fact that in certain sets of Gram-positive strains, a variation of surface composition reflects the variation of the cell wall composition and that the cell wall represents a large proportion of the cell dry weight. This explanation is supported by the study of 5 different species of Gram-positive bacteria. The polypeptide surface concentration of the isolated cell walls deduced from XPS analysis was in excellent agreement with the polypeptide concentration determined by biochemical analysis. On the other hand. Bacillus brevis whole cells showed a twice higher surface concentration of polypeptides compared to that of fom coryneform bacteria, which was attributed to the presence of an S-layer. Consistently the polypeptide concentration of the cell wall of B. brevis was intermediate between that of whole cells of B. brevis and of cell walls and whole cells of the coryneform bacteria. This supports both the surface specificity of the XPS analysis... 

Gramicidin, tyrocidine, and gramicidin S are synthesized by strains of Bacillus brevis. The original culture used by Dubos (1939) for production of the first two of the three polypeptides was designated BG and is now hsted as ATCC8185. Of six substrains of BG obtained by colony selection, two were found to produce more than twice the quantity of active polypeptide materials than the wild strain and one to form no active substances whatsoever (Appleby... 

Okuda, K., G. C. Edwards, and T. Winnick Biosynthesis of gramicidin and tyrocidine in the Dubos strain of Bacillus brevis, I. Experiments with growing cultures. J. Bacteriol. 85, 329 (1963). 

Uemura, I., J. W. Bodley, P. R. Adiga, and T. Winnick Effect of antibiotics and ribonuclease on polypeptide and protein biosynthesis in different strains of Bacillus brevis. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 95, 86 (1965). 

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