Bacillus alvei

Hoch SO N, RD DeMoss (1972) Tryptophanase from Bacillus alvei. 1. Subunit structure. J Biol Chem 7A1 1750-1756. 

Pyridoxal Phosphate.—Analogues of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine 5 -phosphates have frequently been used to probe the size and shape of the active sites of a number of enzymes. For example, the apoenzyme of a tryptophanase from Bacillus alvei will bind pyridoxal 5 -phosphate as well as the 2-nor, 2 -methyl, 2 -hydroxy, 6-methyl, and A-oxide analogues.27 No analogue that has been modified at C-4 binds to the enzyme, confirming the absolute requirement for Schiff-base formation between the... 

The dogma that glycoproteins occur exclusively in eucaryotic cells had to be revised in the last twenty years. Bacterial glycoproteins form the outer surface (S)-layer of archae- and eubacteria [61,62]. In analogy to eucaryotic cells, partly sulfated oligosaccharides attached to Asn or Thr are found in halobacteria. Nucleoside-diphosphate-activated oligosaccharides were identified as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the S-layer of the eubacterium Bacillus alvei [63] and the archaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus [64],... 

Tryptophanase has been purified from various species, including E. coli,26) Bacillus alvei,7) Aeromortas liquefaciens,i 9) and Proteus rettgeri.l0,M) Preparations of tryptophanase from different sources are similar in molecular mass (about 210 kDa), quaternary structure... 

End-product inhibition of AS activity by tryptophan appears to be a rather common control mechanism among microorganisms. Nester and Jensen [71] described tryptophan inhibition of B. subtilis AS activity as the first step in sequential feedback control. Excess tryptophan would result in inhibition of the conversion of chorismate to anthrani-late. The consequent accumulation of chorismic acid would then serve as a feedback inhibitor of the DAMPS, the first enzyme in the pathway leading to chorismate synthesis. Bacillus alvei has an anthranilate synthetase which is extremely sensitive to inhibition by tryptophan [98]. In contrast to the mode of AS feedback inhibition in E. coli and S. typhimurium, the B. alvei AS is inhibited by tryptophan noncom-petitively with respect to chorismate and uncompetitively with respect to glutamine. It is the only Bacillus species, among 21 studied, which did not exhibit a sequential feedback control pattern [79]. 

Whitt and DeMoss have made observations on the molecular size of the active species of the enzyme tryptophanase from Bacillus alvei. They showed that the tetrameric form of the enzyme, although it readily dissociates into dimers, is responsible for both of the activities in the a, -elimination and -replacement reactions. 

The pigment could conceivably be an accidental end product of tryptophan degradation. In another organism. Bacillus alvei, the degradation of tryptophan is postulated to be obligatory to maintain the intracellular level of tryptophan at a relatively low, non-toxic, concentration (Hoch and DeMoss, 1966). If a similar requirement for low internal tryptophan concentration exists in Chromohacterium violaceum, conversion of tryptophan to pigment would serve a useful metabolic function. 

Hoch, j. a., and R. D. DeMoss Physiological role of tryptophanase in control of tryptophan biosynthesis by Bacillus alvei. J. Bacteriol. 91, 667 (1966). 

Abdel-Aziz, S. M., Mostafa, Y. A. Moafi, F. E. (2008). Partial Purification and Some Properties of the Chitosanases Produced by Bacillus Alvei Nrc-14. J Applied Sciences Res., 4(10), 1285-1290. 

The decarboxylation of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid to 4-hydroxystyrene, and of fernlic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) to 4-vinylgnaiacol by several strains of Haf-nia alvei and H. protea, and by single strains of Enterobacter cloacae and K. aerogenes (Fignre 2.7d) (Findsay and Priest 1975). The decarboxylase has been pnrihed from Bacillus pumilis (Degrassi et al. 1995). 

R.F. Jack, D.B. Ringelberg, D.C. White. Differential corrosion rates of carbon steel by combinations of a Bacillus sp., Hafnia alvei and Desulfovibrio gigas established by phospholipid analysis of electrode biofilm. Corrosion Science, Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 1843-1853, 1992. 

Fish Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Hafnia alvei, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacter aerogenes. Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus xylosus Histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, putrescine, agmatine... 

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