B16 melanoma cells

Anderson, R.L., Tao, T.W., Betten, D.A., Hahn, G.M. (1986). Heat shock protein levels are not elevated in heat resistant B16 melanoma cells. Radiat Res. 105,240-246. 

RECORD I R, BROADBENT J L, KING R A, DREOSTI I E, HEAD R J, TONKIN A L (1997) Geuisteiu inhibits growth of B16 melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro and promotes differentiation in vitro. In J Cancer 72 860-64. 

Murakami T, Maki W, Cardones AR, et al. Expression of CXC chemokine receptor-4 enhances the pulmonary metastatic potential of murine B16 melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2002 62 7328-7334. 

Since natural product cryptolepine hydrochloride 173 (Fig. 48) has been found to be cytotoxic to B16 melanoma cells with an IC50 of 0.3 pg/mL (1.3 pM) [102], there has also been interest in cationic 5-carboline-based compounds as antitumor agents. For example, Wright and coworkers synthesized a series of these compounds and evaluated their activity against MAC 15 cells (murine adenocarcinomas of the colon) [103]. Of the compounds prepared, the most active was 179 which had an IC50 value of 1.03 pM. 

Matsuda, H., Nakashima, S., Oda, Y., Nakamura, S. and Yoshikawa, M. (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem., Melanogenesis inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum in B16 melanoma cells, 17, 6048-6053. 

Vinblastine, vincristine, and structurally related analogs inhibit microtubule polymerization by 50% at concentrations in the range 0.1-1 xM, and the process of tubulin addition to preformed microtubules, at steady state, is comparably sensitive to inhibition by these agents (5). As shown in Table I, the differences in values for inhibition of steady-state tubulin addition by vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, and vinepidine were relatively small, but the pattern of activity in the tubulin addition system did not parallel that observed when the compounds were evaluated for effects on the proliferation of B16 melanoma cells in vitro. Vinepidine was more than twice as potent as vinblastine as an inhibitor of steady-state tubulin addition but nearly 10-fold less potent than vinblastine as an inhibitor of cell growth (i). 

The for vinblastine estimated for inhibition of tubulin addition was 0.18 lM, and vinblastine inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma cells completely at a concentration of 4 nM (3). 

The potentiating effects of 124 maybe related to an effect on cell volume and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, as previously proposed for the effects of 122 on B16 melanoma cells, whereas the czs-isomer 123 may selectively cause normalization of developing blood vessels in the primary tumor and thus inhibits metastases, Eq. (49) [165]. 

P29 To assess the influence of Cr on the eukaryotic cells, its effect on the viability and proliferation rate of murine B16 melanoma cells, and. .. human epithelial cells was tested. (From Plaper et al, 2002)... 

Yan CH, Han R. Genistein suppresses adhesion-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and invasion of B16-B16 melanoma cells. Cancer Lett. 129, 117-124, 1998. 

Sever, N., Filipic, M., Brzin, J., Lah, T. T. (2002). Effect of cysteine proteinase inhibitors on murine B16 melanoma cell invasion in vitro. Biol. Chem., 383, 839-842. 

Nakamura, K., Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kagota, Y. M. Kwon, K. Shinozuka, and M. Kuni-tomo. 1999. Inhibitory effect of Cordyceps sinensis on spontaneous liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 79 335-341. 

Cylindramide (90) is a cytotoxic compound isolated from Halichondria cylindrata (7.10 s % wet wt.), but very likely of bacterial origin [148]. The structure was deduced from spectroscopic analysis, the relative stereochemistry (only) of the bicyclo[3.3.0]octene unit by NOESY techniques, and the absolute stereochemistry of the amino acid of the tetramic acid ring (25,35) from the recovery of erythtro-L-(3-hydroxyomithine from oxidative degradation of 90. It showed cytotoxicity to B16 melanoma cells (IC50 0.8 (ig/ml). 

Inokuchi, J., Momosaki, K., Shimeno, H., Nagamatsu, A., and Radin, N. S. (1989). Effects of D-threo-PDMP, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthetase, on expression of cell surface glycolipid antigen and binding to adhesive proteins by B16 melanoma cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 141, 573—583. 

Inokuchi, J., Usuki, S., and Jimbo, M. (1995). Stimulation of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis by L-threo-1 -phenyl-2-decanoylamino- 1-propanol and its homologs in B16 melanoma cells. J. Biochem. 117, 766-773. 

FIGURE 11. Uptake and efflux 211At-labelled a-methyltyro-sine in B16 melanoma cells as a function of time (values corrected for21 At decay). 1 pCi = 37 Bq. Reproduced by permission of Academic Press from Reference 123... 

Clonogenic survival of B16 melanoma cells measured after exposure to graded doses of 211 At-AMT for 45 minutes is represented in Figure 12, showing that this radiolabelled modified melanin precursor is exceptionally cytotoxic. The linear cell survival curve, without a shoulder in the low-dose region, is characterisitc for high-LET a radiation125. 

An other notable example is the work described by Flerzyk et al. [31] where the effects of a Primatized antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibody on experimental metastases with B16 melanoma cells was studied, and an increase in the number of lung colonies was found. Enabling this work, a murine CD4 knockout mouse reconstituted with human CD4 had been described in the literature and was available for license by the sponsor [32], Moreover, in these mice, murine CD4 was faithfully replaced on T cells by human CD4, and the human protein mediated its physiologic function as an accessory binding protein in cellular and humoral immunity. 

It has been found that the C-11,12 double bond in paclitaxel was resistant to many reaction conditions, including catalytic hydrogenation and ozonolysis. Harriman et al. reasoned that C-10 acetate may hamper the epoxidation from the p-face and the cupshaped core structure prevents the epoxidation from the ot-face. By removal of 10-acetate in paclitaxel, the 11,12-p-epoxide was formed quantitatively. The 11,12-epoxidized taxoid 27 was only one third as cytotoxic as paclitaxel against B16 melanoma cells. The 11,12 double bond in baccatin was reducible by zinc in acidic conditions. Since treatment of 11,12-dihydro baccatin 28b with base only yielded 13-acetyl-4-... 

Taniguchi, S., Eujiki, H., Kobayashi, H., et al.. Effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3- gallate on lung metastasis with mouse B16 melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett., 65, 51-54, 1992. 

A variety of data have implicated cell surface glycoconjugates and endogenous lectins that can bind to oligosaccharide sequences as key structural determinants of the tumor cells that participate in cell interactions during the metastatic process. The pioneering work of Tao and Burger clearly demonstrated that alterations of cell surface carbohydrates in variants of murine B16 melanoma cells. 

Shearing of cell aggregates. This method was described by Tullberg and Burger (1985) to measure subtle changes in the intercellular cohesive abihty of B16 melanoma cells selected for their ability to penetrate filter pores 10 times smaller than their cell diameter. 

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