Stilbene Dyes

Stilbene dyes of importance aie mosdy direct yellow dyes for ceUulosic fibers, especially paper. There have been several red and blue stilbene-containing dyes reported, but they have not (ca 1996) been developed to commercial importance. There are brown leather dyes which are stilbene-based. The most important stilbene dyes are those known siace the 1880s. The commercial importance of Direct Yellow 11 (1883), Direct Orange 15 (1888), Direct Yellow 4 (1886), and Direct Yellow 106 (1936) attest to the value, properties, and durabiUty of stilbene yellow dyes. 

Stilbene dyes ate classed as a subgroup of azo dyes having excellent colorfastness and typical direct dye wash fastness on cotton and ate arranged iato six categories by the Society of Dyers and Colourists (2), as described ia the foUowiag. 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

Stilbene dyes have generally been important as direct dyes and fluorescent brighteners for ceUulosic fibers (4). Most stilbene dyes are yeUow and orange, with some examples of reds and browns and even a few blues. Brown stilbene dyes have commercial value as leather dyes (4). 

Condensation products of 4-nitiotoluene-2-sulfonic acid or its derivatives together with phenols, naphthols. or aminophenols. An example here is Direct YeHow 19 (Cl 40030) (3)  

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Heesemann J 1980 Studies on monolayers 1. Surface tension and absorption spectroscopic measurements of monolayers of surface-active azo and stilbene dyes J. Am. Chem. See. 102 2167-76... 

Azosprillum Azo-stilbene dyes Azotobacter Azotobacter agilis Azotobacter paspali Azoxy... 

CI24895 -stilbenedye [STILBENE DYES] (Vol 22) -stilbene dye [STILBENE DYES] (Vol 22)... 

Liquid crystalline compounds are not very dangerous and only basic precautions should be used in handling them. They are not poisonous or carcinogenic, and do not cause problems when in contact with skin (see also Biphenyls and terphenyls Cinnamic acid Stilbene dyes). 

Azo-stilbene dyes formed by condensation of 4,4 -dinitro-2,2 -stilbenedisulfonic acid or 4,4 -dinitro-2,2 -dibenzyldisulfonic acid (1) with aminoazo compounds. Direct Orange 34 (Cl 40215) [32651-66-4] (5) is a representative ... 

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